基于KJ-AHP-VIKOR集成法的老年智能厨电产品设计研究

Design of Intelligent Kitchen Appliances for the Elderly Based on KJ-AHP-VIKOR Integration Method

目的为设计出更符合老年用户真实需求的智能产品,探讨如何综合应用多种科学方法进行老年智能厨电产品设计与方案优选决策。方法提出KJ亲和图-AHP层次分析-VIKOR多准则妥协解排序三种方法相结合的集成法,以辅助老年智能厨电产品设计。首先,通过KJ法挖掘用户功能需求清单,运用AHP法对用户需求进行筛选并构建分层模型,计算各因素权重值并输出优先级排序结果;其次,根据所得结果提出可供性设计策略并进行概念方案设计;最后,邀请相关人员利用VIKOR法对备选方案的判断矩阵进行聚合函数统计,获得最接近理想点且能被决策者接受的优选折衷解。结果以老年智能电饭煲设计为例进行方法模型实证,精准获得老年用户的需求,为智能电饭煲指出设计重点,解决设计方案的优选问题。结论通过实证验证该集成法具有一定的可操作性、实用性和优越性,为后期设计师优选老年智能厨电产品方案提供了科学的参考依据。

To design intelligent products that are more in line with the real needs of elderly users,the work aims to discuss how to comprehensively apply various scientific methods to the design and solution optimization decision of in-telligent kitchen appliances for the elderly.An integration method combining KJ affinity diagram,AHP hierarchical analysis and VIKOR multi-criteria compromise solution ranking was proposed to assist the design of intelligent kitchen appliances for the elderly.Firstly,the KJ was used to mine the list of users'functional requirements,and the AHP was used to screen users'needs and build a hierarchical model,calculate the weight value of each factor and output the priori-tization results.Secondly,based on the obtained results,an affordance design strategy was proposed,and a conceptual solution was designed.Finally,relevant personnel were invited to use the VIKOR to conduct aggregate function statistics on the judgment matrix of alternatives to obtain the optimal compromise solution closest to the ideal point and acceptable to the decision-maker.Taking the design of intelligent rice cookers for the elderly as an example,the method model was demonstrated and the needs of elderly users could be accurately obtained,pointing out the design focus,and solving the optimization problem of design solutions.Through empirical verification,the integration method has certain operability,practicability and superiority and provides a scientific reference basis for later designers to select intelligent kitchen ap-pliances for the elderly.