2006—2023年北京市昌平区报告学校传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies of infectiousdiseaseat at schools in Changping district of Beijing form 2006 to 2023

目的分析北京昌平区学校传染病突发公共卫生事件分布特征,为有效预防和处置学校传染病突发公共卫生事件提供科学依据。方法收集突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统中报告的2006—2023年昌平区涉及学校的传染病突发公共卫生事件数据,应用描述流行病学方法分析其分布特点及趋势。结果2006—2023年昌平区报告学校传染病突发公共卫生事件24起,涉及病例582例,死亡1例(甲型H1N1流感所致)。报告的传染病事件一般级(18起,占75.00%)和未分级(6起,2占5%),无较大、重大和特别重大传染病突发公共卫生事件报告。4月、11月为报告高峰。报告事件数较多的镇(街)为南口镇(7起)、城北街道(6起)。昌平区报告学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的主要病种为水痘(12起)、手足口病(3起)和流行性腮腺炎(2起),发生场所为大学(10起)小学(8起)、托幼机构(4起)、中学/职高(2起)。城区学校报告的事件起数(16起)高于农村学校(8起)(χ^(2)=105.345,P<0.01)。结论扩大水痘、手足口病、麻疹、流行性腮腺炎等疫苗的人群接种范围,可有效降低疫苗可预防传染病在昌平学校的传播和暴发风险;对于反复发生传染病突发事件的学校应重点关注,梳理校内传染病防控相关工作要求和流程,切实提升其传染病防控水平。

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of the infectious disease emergencies in schools in Changping district of Beijing,from 2006 to 2023,so as to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of school infectious disease emergencies.Methods The data of public health emergencies of infectious diseases in the schools in Changping district from 2006 to 2023 were collected from the Public Health Emergency Management Information System,and the distribution characteristics and trends were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.Result A total of 24 infectious disease emergencies in schools in Changping district from 2006 to 2023,with 582 cases and 1 death(caused by H1N1 influenza).There were the public health emergencies at general level(18 events,accounting for 75.00%)and unclassified level(6 events,accounting for 25.00%).No public health emergencies at major level,serious level and particularly serious level were reported.The peak of the infectious disease emergencies was in April and November.The number of the infectious disease emergencies was more Nankou town(7 events)and Chengbei street(6 events).The main types of reported infectious diseases at schools were chickenpox(12 events),hand,foot and mouth disease(3 events),and mumps(2 events)in Changping district.The events were reported in the places of universities(10 events),primary schools(8 events),kindergartens(4 events)and middle schools/vocational schools(2 incidents).The number of infectious disease emergency events was more in urban area(16 events)than in rural area(8 events),with statistical difference(χ^(2)=105.345,P<0.01).Conclusions The risk of transmission and outbreak of infectious diseases in schools can effectively reduce through by expanding the vaccination coverage of the vaccines of chickenpox,hand,foot and mouth disease and measles.The schools repeatedly report outbreaks of infectious diseases should be paid more attention to,and the work requirements and the processes related to infectious diseases should be sorted out for practically improving the ability of prevention and control of infectious diseases.