基于压电传感器的漏损监测系统及特性研究

Research on Leakage Monitoring System and Characteristics Based on Piezoelectric Sensor

针对供水管道泄漏信号经长距离传播后信号微弱和频率较低的问题,提出一种新型信号调理电路的漏损监测系统。首先,阐述了管道声源的产生机理及传播特性,以及管壁检测点处的振动信号响应特性;其次,介绍了漏损监测系统的整体硬件和软件架构,提出了一种双电荷放大器与差分放大器相结合的信号调理电路,并引入线性反馈网络降低电荷放大器的下限截止频率,以实现供水管道中更低频率泄漏信号的采集;最后,搭建了测试系统性能的实验装置,实现了对系统的动态特性和灵敏度测量。实验结果表明:提出的新型调理电路的频率响应特性与仿真结果基本一致,系统的灵敏度可达12.9 V/g,测量范围为0~0.2g,并将其应用于实际长距离埋地管道漏损的检测和定位。

To address the issue of weak and low-frequency leakage signals from water supply pipelines after long-distance propagation,a novel leakage monitoring system with a new signal conditioning circuit was proposed.Firstly,the generation mechanism and propagation characteristics of pipeline sound sources were elucidated,along with the vibration signal response characteristics at the detection points on the pipe wall.Secondly,the overall hardware and software architecture of the leakage monitoring system was introduced,presenting a signal conditioning circuit combining dual charge amplifiers with a differential amplifier.A linear feedback network was introduced to lower the lower cutoff frequency of the charge amplifier,enabling the acquisition of leakage signals at even lower frequencies in water supply pipelines.Finally,an experimental setup was built to test the performance of the system,measuring its dynamic characteristics and sensitivity.Experimental results show that the frequency response characteristics of the proposed novel conditioning circuit are consistent with simulation results,with a sensitivity of up to 12.9 V/g and a measurement range of 0~0.2g.The system is applied to the detection and localization of leaks in buried pipelines over long distances.