《警世通言》有标记被动句初探

Passive Form with Marks in Stories to Warn Men

《警世通言》是中国古典白话小说的典型代表,作品时代特征明显,口语性强,在语言学上有重要的研究价值。《警世通言》中有标记被动句式可分为“于”字句、“见”字句、“为”字句、“被”字句及“蒙”字句5大类。不同类型的有标记被动句式共现于同一时期但使用频率差异较大,“于”字句和“见”字句使用频率较低(3.311%和3.974%),“被”字句使用频率最高(72.848%),“为”字句和“蒙”字句使用频率较高(10.927%和8.940%)。不同的有标记被动句式在语义色彩上也有所倾向,大部分情况下表不如意之义,但“蒙”字句更多用于表达积极、如意之义。

Stories to Warn Men is a typical piece of classical vernacular novels in China,with obvious characteristics of the times and strong colloquial language,with an important research value in linguistics.The passive forms with marks in Stories to Warn Men can be categorized into five types:the forms of“yu(于)”,“jian(见)”,“wei(为)”,“bei(被)”and“jmeng(蒙)”.Different passive forms with marks co-occur in the same period but the frequency of their use varies greatly,with the forms of“yu(于)”and“jian(见)”being used less frequently(3.311%and 3.974%respectively)and the from of“bei”,the most frequently(72.848%),the forms of“wei”and“meng”,higher frequently(10.927%and 8.940%respectively).Different passive forms with marks also tend to have different semantic colors,in most cases,they express the meaning of“jUn-satisfaction”,but the form of“meng(蒙)”is more often used to express the meaning of positive and satisfaction.