抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸风险评估

Risk assessment of dust explosions in polished magnesium-aluminum alloys

为推进镁铝合金加工企业粉尘爆炸风险分级管控体系建设,有效预防粉尘爆炸事故发生,提出抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸风险评估模型。首先,从粉尘爆炸特性参数角度评估抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸危险性等级;然后,从人、机、管、环四方面建立镁铝合金抛光作业场所爆炸风险评估指标体系,采用层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)和指标相关性权重确定法(Criteria Importance Though Intercriteria Correlation,CRITIC)进行组合赋权,确定各二级指标权重,建立优劣解距离法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)评估模型,得出作业场所爆炸风险等级;最后,运用风险矩阵评估其综合风险。使用上述模型评估某企业抛光车间的粉尘爆炸风险,结果表明:抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸危险性为Ⅲ级,危险性较大;作业场所爆炸风险等级为Ⅲ级;故而得到抛光镁铝合金粉尘爆炸风险等级为C级,属于中度风险。爆炸危险性等级依据粉尘爆炸特性试验结果判定,作业场所爆炸风险评估结果与粉尘爆炸领域专家评估结果一致,证明该粉尘爆炸风险评估体系和评估模型具有准确性。

To enhance the establishment of a dust explosion risk classification control system in magnesium-aluminum alloy processing enterprises and effectively mitigate the occurrence of dust explosion incidents,we propose a risk assessment model specifically for dust explosions associated with polished magnesium-aluminum alloys.Initially,the Minimum Ignition Energy(MIE),Minimum Ignition Temperature(MIT),and Minimum Explosive Concentration(MEC)of dust clouds were categorized.Utilizing this classification,a three-dimensional matrix was developed to assess explosion sensitivity.Additionally,based on the maximum explosion pressure and explosion index of the dust cloud,a two-dimensional matrix was created to evaluate explosion intensity.A quantitative classification model for explosion risk assessment was developed,incorporating both explosion sensitivity and explosion intensity.This model enabled the determination of the explosion risk level associated with polished magnesium-aluminum alloy dust.Next,an explosion risk assessment index system for magnesium-aluminum alloy polishing workplaces was established,focusing on four key aspects:Men,Machine,Management,and Environment.To determine the weights of each secondary index,we combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)subjective weighting method with the Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation(CRITIC)objective weighting method.The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)was employed as a comprehensive evaluation method to assess the explosion risk level in magnesium-aluminum alloy polishing workplaces.Ultimately,the overall risk of dust explosion was evaluated using a risk matrix.The aforementioned risk assessment framework was applied to evaluate the risk of magnesium-aluminum alloy dust explosions in the polishing workplace of a specific company.The results indicated that the dust explosion sensitivity level is classified asⅣ,and the explosion intensity level is alsoⅣ,resulting in an overall dust explosion risk level ofⅢ.The explosion risk level of the workplace is classified as LevelⅢ.Consequently,the assessment categorizes the explosion risk of polished magnesium-aluminum alloy dust as Level C,signifying a moderate level of risk.This determination of the explosion risk level is based on the experimental results pertaining to the characteristics of dust explosions.The workplace explosion risk assessment results are consistent with evaluations conducted by experts in the field of dust explosions,thereby reinforcing the accuracy of the dust explosion risk assessment system and model.These findings can serve as a valuable reference for enterprises seeking to enhance their safety protocols.