银企地理邻近与出口产品结构升级

Geographical Proximity between Banks and Enterprises and the Upgrading of Export Products Structure

出口产品结构升级是我国成为贸易强国的必由之路,文章基于中国工业企业库和中国海关进出口数据库的匹配数据、国家金融监督管理总局“金融许可证信息系统”数据及联合国商品贸易统计数据,探讨银企地理邻近对出口产品结构升级的影响及其微观机制。研究发现:银企地理邻近可以促进出口产品结构升级,这一结论在一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。减少信息不对称和缓解融资约束是银企地理邻近发挥上述作用的微观机制;银企地理邻近促进出口产品结构升级的效果在非中心城市、县域地区、民营企业、中小型企业中较为明显,而在金融科技较发达的城市中较弱。文章为银行网点下沉基层的合理性提供了经验证据,建议根据中小型企业地理分布继续优化银行网点布局,同时推进金融科技的发展。

The upgrading of export product structure is essential for China to become a trade power.The influence of bank‑enterprise geographical proximity on the upgrading of export product structure and its micro‑mechanisms have been explored,based on the data from Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database,Chinese Customs Import and Export Database,Financial License Information System of National Financial Regulatory Administration,and United Nations'Statistics of Goods and Trade.The study finds that bank‑enterprise geographical proximity can promote the upgrading of export product structure,and this conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests.Alleviating information asymmetry and financing constraints are the micro mechanisms by which bank‑enterprise geographic proximity plays its role,whose effect is stronger in non‑central cities,county areas,private enterprises and SMEs than in cities with more developed fintech.This study provides empirical evidence for the rationality of bank branch sinking,and suggests that the government should continue to optimize the layout of bank branches according to the geographical distribution of SMEs,and promote the development of fintech.