多模态护理干预对轻度认知功能障碍患者的影响

Effect of multimodal nursing interventions on patients with mild cognitive impairment

目的构建轻度认知功能障碍患者的多模态护理干预方案并评价其应用效果。方法采用便利抽样法,选取2022年5-12月在某三级甲等专科医院老年精神科门诊就诊的80例轻度认知功能障碍患者为研究对象,按患者所在社区分为对照组和试验组,每组各40例。对照组实施常规健康生活方式指导,每月电话随访1次,试验组在对照组基础上实施多模态护理干预,包括视觉、触觉、听觉、语言、身势及空间模态训练。在干预前、干预后3和6个月,比较两组蒙特利尔认知评估量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表得分。结果对照组39例、试验组37例完成研究。试验组干预后6个月认知功能、生存质量得分显著高于本组干预前和对照组干预后得分,抑郁与焦虑得分显著低于本组干预前和对照组干预后得分(均P<0.05)。结论多模态护理干预能改善轻度认知功能障碍患者的认知功能,改善抑郁和焦虑情绪,提高其生活质量。

Objective To construct multimodal nursing interventions program for patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)and evaluate its effectiveness.Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 80 MCI patients who attended the geriatric psychiatry outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital from May to December 2022,and they were divided into a control group and an experimental group according to the patient′s community,with 40 patients in each group.In the control group,routine healthy lifestyle guidance was implemented,and the patients were followed up by telephone once a month.In the experimental group,multimodal nursing interventions were implemented on the basis of the control group,including visual,tactile,auditory,language,gestural and spatial modality training.Before,3 and 6 months into the intervention,the scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic(MoCA-B),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),and World Health Organization Quality of Life(WHOQOL-BREF)were compared between the two groups.Results There were 39 cases in the control group and 37 cases in the intervention group that had completed the study.The scores of the MoCA-B and the WHOQOL-BREF were significantly higher than those of the pre-intervention and of the control group at 6 months into the intervention,and the scores of the HAMD and the HAMA were significantly lower than those of the pre-intervention and of the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion Multimodal nursing interventions can improve cognitive function,depression and anxiety,and quality of life of MCI patients.