基于多约束优化的阵列式电流互感器环境微电流能量收集

Multi-constraint Optimization Approach for Array-based Current Transformer in Environmental Microcurrent Energy Harvesting

环境能量获取是实现电力系统中低功耗、分布式传感器高效、可靠供电的一种新兴技术。针对mA级别微电流能量收集功率和效率低下的问题,该文提出了电流互感器阵列组合的方法。建立了电流互感器等效电路模型,通过拟合确定非线性自感的数学表达,推导了取能电流互感器的理论输出特性。进一步针对微电流能量收集,建立了阵列式取能电流互感器的串并联电路模型,基于能量管理芯片的输入特性构建电流互感器阵列组合最优设计的多约束条件,利用遗传算法优化取能电流互感器阵列组合,提高能量收集功率及效率。最后,在50、80和100mA电流3种情况下,利用ADP5091分别对12×1、5×1和4×1形式的最佳取能电流互感器阵列进行能量收集与管理,最大能量收集效率达到98.96%,实现了对低功耗无线温度传感器间歇工作模式的供电,为电力系统环境中从泄露电流、环流等微电流能量的高效回收利用提供了技术支撑。

Environmental energy harvesting is an emerging technology for achieving efficient and reliable power supply for low-power,distributed sensors in power systems.To address the problem of poor output power and energy harvesting efficiency of microcurrent energy harvesting at the mA level,the array form of current transformer is proposed in this paper.A current transformer equivalent circuit model is developed,and the theoretical output characteristics of the energy-harvesting current transformer are derived by fitting a mathematical representation of the non-linear self-inductance.Further,the series-parallel circuit model of the current transformer array is developed for microcurrent energy harvesting.Multi-constrained equations are built based on the input characteristics of the energy harvesting chip,and the current transformer array is optimized using a genetic algorithm.Results show that the 12´1,5´1,and 4´1 current transformer arrays achieve power supply for low-power wireless temperature sensors in intermittent operation mode at 50,80,and 100mA currents,and the maximum energy collection efficiency reaches 98.96%.This paper provides a new perspective on energy recovery from leakage,circulating,and other micro-currents.