美国科技相关部门和资助机构的预算绩效管理经验与启示

Experience and Enlightenment of Budget Performance Management in U.S.Science and Technology Related Departments and Funding Agencies

随着国家对科技投入的不断增长,加快推进高水平科技自立自强,成为国家发展和安全的重要支撑和保障。深入探讨了美国科技相关部门和资助机构在预算绩效管理与评价方面的经验和做法,通过对美国预算绩效管理历史沿革的回顾,从早期绩效评价探索至《政府绩效与结果法案》《总统管理议程》《政府绩效与结果修正案》的相继出台,揭示了美国科技预算绩效管理法制化、系统化的发展轨迹。以美国国家科学基金会(National Science Foundation,NSF)、美国能源部(Department of Energy,DOE)为例,详细分析了战略目标设定、绩效指标制定和绩效评价过程。从突出自上而下的战略引领作用、强化结果导向的绩效管理、完善绩效目标和评价的持续管理制度、建立规范的预算绩效管理流程4个方面提出建议,以期为中国的科技预算绩效管理提供借鉴和启示。

With the continuous growth of the country’s investment in science and technology,accelerating the promotion of high-level science and technology self-reliance has become an important support and guarantee for national development and security.In this paper,the experience and practice of budget performance management and evaluation in American science and technology related departments and funding agencies are discussed,and the historical evolution of budget performance management in the United States is reviewed.From early performance evaluation to the enactment of the GPRA,the President’s management agenda and the GPRAMA,it reveals the development track of legalization and systematization of performance management of American science and technology budget.Taking the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy as examples,this paper analyzes the process of strategic goal setting,performance indicators and performance evaluation.This paper puts forward some suggestions from four aspects:highlighting the role of strategic goal leadership,strengthening the results-oriented performance management,improving the continuous management system for improving performance goals and evaluations,and establishing a standardized budget performance management process,in order to provide reference and enlightenment for China’s science and technology budget performance management.