乡村旅游聚落的概念模型与形成机理——基于婺源的扎根研究

Conceptual Model and Formation Mechanism of Rural Tourism Settlement

旅游活动在传统乡村聚落的开展,推动形成一种新型独特聚落形态——乡村旅游聚落。本文选择婺源五个乡村旅游地为案例地,运用扎根理论的方法,构建“乡村旅游聚落”的概念模型,探索其形成机理。结果表明,乡村旅游聚落是基于原有乡村聚落,在众多内外因素的影响与作用下开展旅游活动,使聚落主体和要素等发生变化,形成既能满足居民的生产、生活等传统需要,又能满足游客、从业人员等利益相关者多重需要的一种新型聚落类型。它在空间上表现为全新的生产、生活和生态三个空间组织形态,其形成与发展经历内外因素蓄力、开发建设投入、功能产业转化、聚落空间再生产、反馈循环演化五个阶段。乡村旅游高质量发展要树立“乡村旅游聚落”系统观,编制聚落系统发展规划、建立聚落共生发展机制、加强聚落功能空间优化、注重聚落文化保护传承、重视聚落开发管理提升。

The development of tourism activities in traditional rural settlements promotes the formation of a new and unique settlement form-rural tourism settlements.In this paper,five rural tourism sites in Wuyuan are selected as case sites,and the conceptual model of"rural tourism settlement"is constructed by using the method of grounded theory to explore its formation mechanism.The results show that the rural tourism settlement is based on the original rural settlement,under the influence and action of many internal and external factors to carry out tourism activities,so that the main body and elements of the settlement change,forming a new type of settlement that can not only meet the traditional needs of residents such as production and life,but also meet the multiple needs of tourists,practitioners and other stakeholders.In space,it is represented by three new spatial organization forms of production,life and ecology.Its formation and development go through five stages:accumulation of internal and external factors,investment in development and construction,transformation of functional industries,reproduction of settlement space and evolution of feedback loops.For the high-quality development of rural tourism,it is essential to establish a systematic view of"rural tourism settlements",formulate the development plan of the settlement system,establish the symbiotic development mechanism of the settlement,strengthen the optimization of the functional space of the settlement,pay attention to the protection and inheritance of the settlement culture,and attach importance to the development and management of the settlement.