mRNA肺部递送系统研究进展

Research progress on mRNA pulmonary delivery systems

肺部疾病是全球性的重大公共卫生问题,持续威胁着人类的生命健康并造成巨大的经济负担。基于信使RNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)的吸入制剂高效靶向肺部细胞,可克服传统疗法不良反应大、肺部生物利用度低、目标蛋白难以体外合成等问题,为治疗肺部疾病提供了新思路。然而,肺部生理结构复杂且mRNA难以进入细胞,促使人们尝试利用合适的纳米递送系统以提高递送效率。本文介绍了肺部递送需克服的屏障,讨论了mRNA肺部递送系统最新研究进展,包括脂质纳米粒、聚合物纳米粒、多肽和外泌体,总结了mRNA肺部递送系统的局限性并对mRNA吸入制剂应用前景进行展望。

As a major global public health problem,pulmonary diseases threaten human life and health while causing a huge economic burden.The messenger RNA(mRNA)-based inhalation preparation,which effectively targets pulmonary cells can overcome the problems of traditional therapy,such as high side effects,low pulmonary bioavailability,and difficulty in synthesizing target proteins in vitro,thus providing new ideas for the treatment of pulmonary diseases.However,as the lung structure is complex and mRNA has trouble entering cells,researchers have been attempting to develop a suitable nano delivery system for higher delivery efficiency.This review introduces the barriers to pulmonary delivery,discusses the recent research development of the mRNA pulmonary delivery systems,including lipid nanoparticles,polymeric nanoparticles,polypeptides and exosomes,summarizes their limitations and looks forward to the application of mRNA inhalation preparations.