童年创伤经历影响成年早期个体风险决策的功能性近红外脑成像技术研究

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy of the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on risky decisions in early adulthood

目的 利用功能性近红外脑成像技术(fNIRS)研究童年创伤经历对成年早期个体风险决策的影响,为明确童年创伤影响个体风险决策的脑机制提供参考。方法 2023年12月至2024年3月,采用分层抽样和方便抽样相结合的方法,将从济宁医学院抽取的28名童年创伤经历和32名健康大学生分为童年创伤经历组和健康对照组,所有被试参与爱荷华博弈任务的fNIRS实验。对fNIRS数据预处理后,进行脑区激活、功能连接、图论属性(度中心性、介数中心性和局部效率)分析以及受试者工作特性曲线分析。结果 与健康对照组相比,童年创伤经历组在劣势牌选择次数上降低(Z=-0.88),在右侧额极激活水平上降低(Z=-2.59),在左侧背外侧前额叶与右侧背外侧前额叶(Z=-3.78)、左侧背外侧前额叶与右额极(Z=-3.68)的功能连接均降低(P值均<0.05)。童年创伤经历组右侧额下回度中心性指标高于健康对照组,左侧和右侧背外侧前额叶度中心性指标低于健康对照组(Z值分别为2.13,-2.53,-2.12);童年创伤经历组右侧额下回介数中心度指标高于健康对照组(Z=2.47);童年创伤经历组右侧额下回、左侧和右侧额极局部效率指标均高于健康对照组(Z值分别为2.51,2.17,2.53)(P值均<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,局部效率取得最高曲线下面积(AUC=0.68)。结论 伴有童年创伤的成年早期个体更倾向于低收入、低损失的决策,并在整个风险决策过程中表现为额极激活水平降低、脑网络连接属性异常等现象,可能是由于童年创伤导致个体形成过度防御机制的神经基础。

Objective To investigate the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on individual risk-taking decisions in early adulthood using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS),so as to provide the reference for clarifying the brain mechanisms underlying the impact of childhood trauma on individual risky decision.Methods From December 2023 to March 2024,28 children with childhood trauma experiences(trauma group)and 32 healthy college students(control group)were selected from Jining Medical University by a combination of stratified descent and convenient sampling methods.All subjects participated in the Iowa Game task fNIRS scanning.The brain activation,functional connectivity,graph theory properties(degree centrality,betweenness centrality,and local efficiency),and Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)analysis were performed by using pre-processing fNIRS data.Results Compared with control group,trauma group showed significantly fewer choice times in the inferior deck(Z=-0.88),and showed significantly decreased activation levels in the right frontalpolar(Z=-2.59),as well as showed significant decreased functional connectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal and in right dorsolateral prefrontal(Z=-3.78),and between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right frontal pole(Z=-3.68)(P<0.05).The central index of right inferior frontal gyrus in the trauma group was higher than that in the control group,while the central index of left and right dorsolateral frontal lobes was lower than that in the control group(Z=2.13,-2.53,-2.12,P<0.05).The centrality index of the right inferior frontal gyrus in the trauma group was higher than that in the control group(Z=2.47,P<0.05).The local efficiency indicators of the right inferior frontal gyrus,left and right frontal pole in the trauma group were higher than those in the control group(Z=2.51,2.17,2.53,P<0.05).The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that the local efficiency achieved the highest area under the curve(AUC=0.68).Conclusions Young adults with childhood trauma experience tend to choose lower loss,and the frontal pole shows a lack of activation in the whole process of risk decision performance.The abnormalities in the brain connectivity and network properties might be the neural basis of excessive defense mechanisms that childhood trauma leads to risky decisions.