开放包容 通而不统——丝绸之路精神在8-11世纪敦煌文化中的体现

Open,Inclusive,Interconnected——The Spirit of the Silk Road in Dunhuang Culture during the Eighth-Eleventh Centuries

和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢的丝绸之路精神在8一11世纪敦煌文化中有着集中而独特的体现:一是道路畅通是和平合作的前提,也是敦煌文化“尚通”价值取向形成的决定性因素,敦煌人对道路是否畅通之敏感,“尚通”愿望之强烈,“求通”意识之突出,在8一11世纪的人名中有着充分的体现;二是开放包容是丝路精神的灵魂,也是敦煌文化“相通”“融通”主要艺术特色的最突出表达;三是通而不统即相通、融通而不唯我独尊独统,是以开放包容为灵魂的丝路精神在敦煌文化中的特殊体现,不仅在历史上发挥过十分重要的价值导向作用,而且具有重大现实意义。

The spirit of the Silk Road is characterized by peaceful cooperation,openness and inclusiveness,mutual learning,and mutual benefit.This spirit flourished in the culture of Dunhuang during the 8th-1ith centuries,and manifested itself in both the material life and the social ideals held by the citizens of Dunhuang at the time.First,smooth traffic,which underlay peaceful cooperation between the various peoples living in the region,was a decisive factor in the formation of a set of values in Dun-huang that believed in"advocating uniformity"(shangtong尚通).People in Dunhuang were sensitive to whether the traffic was smooth or not,they held a strong desire for"advocating uniformity",and they were highly conscious of the need for"seeking communication"(qiutong求通).The words chosen for people's names during the 8th-12th centuries are clear evidence for the prevalence of these social values.Secondly,openness and inclusiveness were not only the soul of the spirit of the Silk Road,but also a prominent feature in artistic expression,which often depicted themes related to communication and integration.Thirdly,in Dunhuang,being open but not requiring uniformity placed heavy emphasis on communication and integration,and never led to the formation of a culture that explicitly practiced any kind of exclusivity.The set of values summarized above as the spirit of the Silk Road played an important part in the cultural fabric of Dunhuang during the 8th to the 11th centuries,but also possessed great practical significance in allowing various groups of people to live and prosper together.