重庆市青少年睡眠时型和睡眠时间与抑郁症状的关系

Association of a cross section survery sleep chronotype,sleep duration,and depression among adolescents in communition of Chongqing city

目的了解重庆市青少年睡眠时型、睡眠时间及抑郁现状,并探讨睡眠时型和睡眠时间与抑郁症状关系。方法于2021年12月—2022年1月,采用分层整群抽样法抽取重庆市初、高中4427名学生,采用简易版清晨-夜晚型问卷(rMEQ)、病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)评估青少年睡眠时型和抑郁现状,采用χ^(2)检验分析不同人口学特征、睡眠与抑郁的关系,采用二元logistic回归模型分析睡眠时型和睡眠时间与抑郁关系。结果青少年抑郁症状检出率为19.90%,睡眠时型为清晨型(M型)、中间型(N型)、夜晚型(E型)的比例分别为17.44%、62.16%、20.40%,睡眠不足占75.18%。女生、家庭经济差、学业负担重、睡眠时型为中间型及夜晚型、睡眠不足的青少年抑郁症状发生风险更高。结论重庆市青少年中间型、夜晚型和睡眠不足是抑郁症状发生的危险因素;早期干预青少年睡眠,可减少抑郁症状发生的风险。

Objective To understand the current status of sleep chronotype,sleep duration,and depression among adolescents in Chongqing municipality,and explore the relationship between sleep chronotype,sleep duration,and depression.Methods From December 2021 to January 2022,a total of 4427 middle and high school students in Chongqing were selected using stratified cluster sampling.The reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire(rMEQ)and Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)were used to assess the current status of adolescent sleep chronotype and depression.Chi-square tests were used to analyze the relationship between different demographic characteristics,sleep,and depression.Binary logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between sleep chronotype,sleep duration,and depression.Results The incidence of depressive symptoms among adolescents was 19.90%.The proportions of morning type(M-type),intermediate type(N-type),and evening type(E-type)sleep chronotypes were 17.44%,62.16%,and 20.40%,respectively.Insufficient sleep accounted for 75.18%.Adolescents who were female,had poor family economic status,had heavy academic burden,had intermediate or evening sleep chronotypes,and had insufficient sleep were at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms.Conclusion Intermediate type,evening type,and insufficient sleep are risk factors for the occurrence of depression among adolescents in Chongqing municipality.Early intervention in adolescent sleep can reduce the risk of depression.