铁生物标志物研究进展

Research progress in iron biomarkers:a review

铁元素在多种生命过程中必不可少,其失衡与神经、心血管、免疫等多个系统的紊乱及感染、癌症等多种慢性疾病均息息相关。因此,准确判断铁元素在机体中的状况对基础和临床研究均具有重要意义。铁状况的金标准仍是骨髓可染色铁,但鉴于其采样检测有创且成本高,实际应用非常受限。其余传统的生物标志物如血清铁、铁蛋白及相关的综合指标都会不同程度受到类似炎症、年龄、昼夜波动等因素的影响,但也有各自合适的应用场景。然而,能充分判断铁的标志物还远不够完善,导致很多情况下铁失衡的诊断和治疗不准确。虽然有包括铁调素、网织红细胞血红蛋白含量及红富铁激素等新型生物标志物的出现,且随着高通量技术的快速进步,多组学也许能在未来帮助铁状况的诊断,但仍需更多探索和挖掘来扩大这些潜在标志物的广泛合理应用。本文综述了铁生物标志物的研究进展,以期为将来的相关研究提供更多参考及方向。

Iron is essential in various life processes,and its imbalance is closely related to disorders in multiple systems such as the nervous,cardiovascular,and immune systems,as well as many chronic diseases such as infections and cancer.Therefore,accurately assessing the status of iron in the body is of great significance for both basic and clinical research.The gold standard for iron status is still bone marrow stainable iron,but its actual application is very limited due to its invasive sampling and high cost.Other traditional biomarkers such as serum iron,ferritin,and related composite indicators are all affected to varying degrees by factors such as inflammation,age,and circadian fluctuations,but they also have their own suitable application scenarios.However,biomarkers that can fully assess iron status are far from perfect,leading to inaccurate diagnosis and treatment of iron imbalance in many cases.Although new biomarkers such as hepcidin,reticulocyte hemoglobin content,and erythroferrone have emerged,and with the rapid advancement of high-throughput technologies,multi-omics may help diagnose iron status in the future,more exploration and mining are still needed to expand the widespread and rational application of these potential markers.This article reviews the research progress of iron biomarkers,aiming to provide more references and directions for future related research.