论大数据侦查:以信息自决权为主线

On Big Data Investigation: Taking the Right to Information Self-determination as the Main Line

大数据侦查,是指侦查机关通过信息技术对存储于网络与计算机系统中的海量数据进行采集与分析,从而发现犯罪线索、证据信息或者犯罪嫌疑人的侦查行为。相较于传统的侦查行为,大数据侦查经常用于立案前的线索收集,通过“情报—侦查”一体化实现更有效的犯罪预防和打击,这也在相当程度上规避了刑事诉讼所构建的侦查行为合法性审查机制,导致传统的程序制裁模式失灵,公民个人信息安全面临前所未有的挑战。为应对这一挑战,应引入实体制裁模式,在宪法上证立信息自决权这一新型基本权利,准确理解适用法律保留原则、比例原则以及核心领域保护等法律原则,实现对大数据侦查的有效规制。

Big data criminal investigation refers to the investigative behaviour of investigative agencies in collecting and analysing massive data stored in networks and computer systems through information technology,so as to discover criminal clues,evidence information or criminal suspects.Unlike traditional investigation,big data criminal investigation is often used to collect clues before filing a case,and achieve more effective crime prevention and crackdown through the integration of'intelligence-investigation',which also circumvents to a considerable extent the legality review mechanism for investigative acts constructed in criminal proceedings,leading to the failure of the traditional procedural sanction mode,and exposing citizens'personal information to great danger.This also circumvents to a considerable extent the mechanism for reviewing the legality of investigative acts established in criminal proceedings,leading to the failure of the traditional procedural sanctions,and exposing citizens'personal information to great threats.In order to overcome this shortcoming,the mode of substantive sanction should be introduced,the new fundamental right of information self-determination should be established in the Constitution,and the principles of legal reservation,proportionality and core area protection should be accurately understood and applied,so as to realise the effective regulation of big data investigation.