数据知识产权登记的理论证成与制度展开

Theoretical Justification and Institutional Development of Data Intellectual Property Registration

数据知识产权登记问题,是数据产权保护规则中的全新动议。数据知识产权登记中存在的对象界定不清晰、主体身份不明确、能力标准不明晰、法律效力不确定、登记方式不一致以及类型未明确区分等问题,严重阻碍了数据知识产权理论研究与实践探索的深入开展,不利于数据基础制度的整体建构与完善。基于数据知识产权的特性,其登记对象可描述为依法收集、经过一定算法加工、具有实用价值和智力成果属性的数据集合与数据产品。除原始数据的主体之外,衍生数据所涉及的数据持有者与处理者,均有可能成为数据知识产权的主体。数据知识产权因满足善意取得和公示公信的制度构造要件而具备登记能力。数据知识产权的登记具有确权功能,基于激励数据相关的智力成果知识产权创新与促进创新应用间的双重价值平衡,可考虑确立登记对抗的效力规则。数据知识产权的登记方式,以开设电子账户方式所确立的人的编成主义方式为宜,以满足数据知识产权的生长性特征。数据知识产权的登记要从单一的设立登记转向类型化登记,并确立不同登记类型的规则和法律效果。

The issue of data intellectual property registration is a new initiative in the data property rights protection rules.The problems in the registration of data intellectual property rights such as unclear objects,unclear subjects,unclear capabilities,uncertain effects,inconsistent methods,and undifferentiated types seriously restrict the advancement of theoretical research and practical exploration of data intellectual property rights,and are not conducive to the overall construction and improvement of the data basic system.Based on the characteristics of data intellectual property rights,the objects of registration can be described as data collections and data products that are collected in accordance with the law,processed by certain algorithms,and have practical value and intellectual achievement attributes.In addition to the subject of the original data,the data holders and processors involved in the derivative data may become the subject of data intellectual property rights.Data intellectual property rights have the ability to be registered because they meet the requirements of the system structure of bona fide acquisition and public trust.The registration of data intellectual property rights has the function of confirming rights,and in terms of the value balance between incentives for data-based intellectual property innovation and innovative applications,it is possible to consider establishing rules for the effectiveness of registration confrontation.The registration method of data intellectual property rights should be based on the human codification method established by the method of opening electronic accounts,so as to meet the growth characteristics of data intellectual property rights.The registration of data intellectual property rights should be shifted from a single establishment registration to a type of registration,and the rules and legal effects of different types of registration should be established.