海军某大型水面舰艇甲板噪声对飞行保障人员影响的问卷调查

Questionnaire survey on the impact of deck noise on flight support personnel of a large naval surface ship

目的通过海军某大型水面舰艇部队飞行保障人员甲板噪声及防护问卷调查,结合外军发展及我军实际,提出针对性的噪声防护对策建议。方法对海军某水面舰艇部队甲板飞行保障人员进行噪声及防护情况调查,通过比较不同机型与不同战位飞行保障人员的调查结果,就噪声防护、护具使用、健康影响、知识获取、健康支持等几方面展开分析讨论。结果211名被调查的飞行保障人员中,74.88%工作中佩戴噪声护具,噪声引起的自觉暂时性听力障碍发生率仍有91.77%,战斗机飞行保障人员噪声护具佩戴率(100%)明显高于直升机组(47.71%)和其他战位组(78.75%),但不同机型、不同战位人员自觉暂时性听力障碍发生概率差别无统计学意义(P>0.05),且出现一过性影响后超过半数人自觉症状持续发展加重。佩戴护具者中36人联合使用至少2种护具,但仍有88.89%自觉出现一过性交流障碍、短时耳鸣等症状。全部战位211人中25.12%未佩戴噪声护具的原因是未提供护具(84.9%)、护具效果一般(7.55%)及护具舒适性差(33.96%)。211人中74.88%有获取噪声防护知识的强烈意愿,战斗机飞行保障人员组占比最高(93.75%),但仅39.81%的飞行保障人员参加过组织的噪声防护宣教及培训。211人中73.93%参加了年度体检,但有噪声专项体检的仅6人,26.07%未能参加年度体检的人员中,81.82%希望能够定期组织体检。结论海军某大型水面舰艇部队甲板噪声对飞行保障人员健康危害大,应及时开展飞行保障人员噪声暴露监测、新型噪声护具研制、健康教育与专项体检等噪声防护研究计划。

Objective To carry out a questionnaire survey on the noise and protection of flight support personnel on the deck of a large naval surface ship,and to put forward targeted countermeasures and suggestions for noise protection based on the development of foreign militaries and the actual situation of Chinese military.Methods A questionnaire survey on noise and protection was conducted among the flight support personnel of a large naval surface ship.By comparing the survey results of flight support personnel of different types of air craft and battle positions,the issues related to noise and protection,namely noise protection,protective gear use,health effects,knowledge acquisition,and health support,were analyzed and discussed.Results Among the 211 flight support personnel surveyed,74.88%wore noise protective gear at work,but the incidence of noise-induced subjective temporary hearing impairment was still 91.77%.The rate of wearing noise protective gear among fighter jet support group(100%)was significantly higher than those of the helicopter group(47.71%)and the rest of the battle station group(78.75%).However,the incidences of subjective temporary hearing impairment among flight support personnel of different aircraft types and battle stations were not statistically significant(P>0.05),and more than half of them felt that their subjective symptoms continued to develop and worsen after the onset of transient impact.Among those who wore protective gear,36 used at least two kinds of gear in combination,but 88.89%still subjectively experienced transient communication problems and short-term tinnitus.Among the 211 personnel:25.12%did not wear noise protective gear,and the reasons were not being provided with protective gear(84.9%),protective effect of the gears was mediocre(7.55%),and the comfort of protective gears was poor(33.96%);74.88%had a strong desire to gain knowledge of noise protection,with the fighter jet support group accounted for the highest percentage(93.75%);only 39.81%of the flight support personnel had attended organized noise protection education and training;73.93%attended annual medical examinations,but only six people had specific medical examination item on noise;26.07%did not attend annual medical examinations,among whom,81.82%hoped to get regular medical examination.Conclusion The noise on the deck of a large naval surface ship is a significant health hazard to flight support personnel,and noise protection research programs on noise exposure monitoring of flight support personnel,development of new noise protective gear,health education,and special medical examination should be carried out promptly.