我国教师法律身份:问题定位、历史变迁与建构路径

Teachers Legal Identity in China:Problem Positioning,Historical Changes and Constructive Paths

教师法律身份是教师基于法律赋予而形成的身份,决定了教师与不同责任主体的关系,以及教师自身的权利义务、准入聘用、专业发展等内容,在法律层面上是个体或群体权益、责任和要求的集合,在社会层面上对社会或身份群体的心理期待与认同产生直接影响。明确教师身份的重要性、厘清教师法律身份不仅是高质量教师队伍建设的应有之义,也是为教师发展赋权增能的必然要求。通过对统筹界定、明确形成和新时代定位3个阶段下教师法律身份的历史变迁与国内外关于教师法律身份建构的不同观点的分析,我国教师法律身份的建构应厘清不同类别教师法律身份,加强对教师的分类施策;明确教师法律身份的权责边界,达成教师的社会角色共识;规定保障教师权利实现的责任主体,完善教师权益制度。

Teachers'legal identity is the identity of teachers based on the law,which determines the relation-ship between teachers and different subjects of responsibility,as well as teachers'own rights and obligations,access to employment,professional development and so on.It is a collection of individual or group rights and interests,responsibilities and requirements on the legal level,and has a direct impact on the psychological ex-pectations and identity of the society or identity groups on the social level.Defining the importance of teacher identity and clarifying the legal identity of teachers is not only the proper meaning of the construction of a high-quality education force,but also an inevitable requirement for the empowerment of teachers'development.By analyzing the historical changes of teachers'legal identity in the three stages of comprehensive definition,clari-fying formation and new era orientation,and the different views on the construction of teachers'legal identity at home and abroad,the construction of teachers'legal identity in our country should clear the legal identity of different categories of teachers,and strengthen the classification of teachersꎻclarify the boundaries of the rights and responsibilities of the legal identity of teachers,and reach a consensus on the social roles of teachers'stipulate the main responsible body for guaranteeing the realization of teachers'rights,and improve the system of teachers'rights and interests.