昆明市重点饮用水源地水体抗生素的赋存及其风险评估

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Key Drinking Water Sources in Kunming City

饮水是抗生素进入人体的主要途径,为探明昆明市饮用水源地水体中抗生素的污染现状、来源及潜在风险,于2023年枯水期(4月)和丰水期(8月)采集并分析了云龙水库及其前置库双化水库水体中7类共38种抗生素浓度及部分常规理化参数,利用PCA分析解释水体抗生素的主要来源,同时评估了生态风险及人体健康风险。结果表明:①昆明市重点饮用水源地2023年枯水期(4月)和丰水期(8月)共检出31种抗生素,所有采样点抗生素总浓度呈丰水期(1109.0 ng/L)远高于枯水期(414.7 ng/L)的特征,枯水期和丰水期单体抗生素检出浓度范围分别为ND(低于检出限)~37.5 ng/L和ND~139.3 ng/L。主要污染物为磺胺类、四环素类和氟喹诺酮类抗生素(检出率均达50%)。②PCA分析表明,畜禽养殖废水、医疗废水与生活污水均为昆明市重点饮用水源地水体抗生素污染的主要来源。③昆明市重点饮用水源地枯水期和丰水期所有抗生素的生态风险熵值(RQ)均小于0.1,健康风险熵值(RQH)均小于0.01。研究显示,昆明市重点饮用水源地水体单体抗生素对生态环境造成的风险可忽略不计,对不同年龄、性别人体健康造成的风险可忽略不计。

Drinking water is a primary route through which antibiotics enter the human body.In order to determine the pollution status,sources and potential risks of antibiotics in the drinking water sources in Kunming City,a total of 38 antibiotics from 7 categories and some conventional physicochemical parameters in the water body of the Yunlong Reservoir and its pre-storage Shuanghua reservoir were collected and analyzed in 2023 during dry season(April)and wet season(August).PCA analysis was used to identify the main sources of antibiotics in the water,and both ecological and human health risks were assessed.The results were as follows:(1)A total of 31 antibiotics were detected in 2023,with the total concentration in the wet period(1109.0 ng/L)significantly higher than that in the dry season(414.7 ng/L).The concentration range of individual antibiotics detected in the dry and wet seasons was ND(below the detection limit)-37.5 ng/L and ND-139.3 ng/L,respectively.The main pollutants were sulfonamides,tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones,with a detection rate of 50%.Fluoroquinolones were detected in the Yunlong Reservoir but not in the Shuanghua reservoir.(2)PCA analysis showed that livestock and poultry breeding wastewater,medical wastewater,and domestic sewage were the primary sources of antibiotic pollution.(3)The ecological risk entropy(RQ)of all antibiotics was less than 0.1 in both seasons,and the health risk entropy RQH was less than 0.01.The findings suggest that the risk posed by individual antibiotics to the ecological environment and human health,across different ages and genders,in Kunming City′s key drinking water sources is negligible.