稻田配施氮肥增效剂的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Application of Nitrogen Inhibitors in Paddy Fields

综述了氮肥增效剂的种类、作用机制及对水稻生长、产量以及氮肥利用率的影响。稻田配施硝化抑制剂对土壤氨氧化古菌和细菌有显著的抑制作用,添加脲酶抑制剂显著抑制了土壤脲酶活性,两种抑制剂(即氮肥增效剂)配施均能减缓氮肥分解速度,从而提高水稻对氮素的吸收利用,促进水稻生长,提高水稻产量及氮肥利用率;此外还能减少氮相关的温室气体排放。最后展望了氮肥增效剂未来的发展方向。

The application and research of nitrogen inhibitors in rice production were reviewed.The types,mechanisms and effects of nitrogen inhibitors on rice growth,yield and nitrogen fertilizer use were introduced.The application of nitrification inhibitors in paddy field had a significant inhibitory effect on soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria,and the addition of urease inhibitors significantly inhibited soil urease activity.The application of the two inhibitors could decrease the decomposition rate of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the uptake and utilization of nitrogen in rice.The inhibitors also could reduce nitrogen-related greenhouse gas emissions.Finally,the future development of nitrogen inhibitors is prospected.