施用菌渣对水稻产量、直链淀粉和氨基酸含量的影响

Study on the Effects of Mushroom Residue Application on Amylose and Amino Acid Content of Rice

废弃菌渣是一种可循环利用的资源。以杂交籼稻品种晶两优534和籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540为材料,在相同氮肥用量(180 kg/hm^(2))下,设置4个菌渣施用量处理(B0,不施用;B1,施用量1.5万棒/hm^(2);B2,施用量3.0万棒/hm^(2);B3,施用量4.5万棒/hm^(2)),研究不同菌渣施用量对水稻产量、稻米直链淀粉和氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明,增施菌渣有利于水稻产量提高,但增产不显著;B3处理下两品种稻米直链淀粉含量比B0处理显著增加14.92%~16.74%,氨基酸总含量、必需氨基酸含量、16种组分氨基酸含量分别显著降低67.68%~75.51%、63.73%~75.21%和16.93%~84.20%。与B0处理相比,B1和B2处理下晶两优534稻米直链淀粉含量略有降低,但稻米总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和除蛋氨酸外的15种组分氨基酸含量分别显著增加78.43%~100.29%、64.96%~87.18%和14.23%~315.73%;而B1和B2处理下甬优1540稻米直链淀粉含量比B0显著提高26.61%~27.64%,稻米总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和除蛋氨酸外的15种组分氨基酸含量分别显著降低36.59%~53.46%、34.23%~51.01%和3.78%~68.25%。可见,施氮量为180 kg/hm^(2)时,增施菌渣对水稻产量影响不显著,过多的菌渣施用(B3)会造成稻米直链淀粉含量升高和氨基酸含量降低,菌渣施用量不高于3.0万棒/hm^(2)时有利于籼稻稻米品质提升。

Waste mushroom residue is a kind of recyclable resource.Four application amounts of mushroom residue(B0,0;B1,15000 bar/hm^(2);B2,30000 bar/hm^(2);B3,45000 bar/hm^(2))were designed to study the effects of grain yields,amylose and amino acid contents of Jingliangyou 534(an indica hybrid rice variety)and Yongyou 1540(an indica-japonica hybrid rice variety).The results showed that,under the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer,compared with B0 treatment,the amylose content of Jingliangyou 534 and Yongyou 1540 of B3 treatment were 14.92%-16.74%higher and the amino acid content,essential amino acid content and amino acid content of 16 components of were 67.68%-75.51%,63.73%-75.21%and 16.93%-84.20%lower,respectively,and the differences were significantly.Compared with B0 treatment,the amylose content of Jingliangyou 534 of B1 and B2 treatments slightly decreased and the amino acid content,essential amino acid content and amino acid content of 15 components except methionine increased by 78.43%-100.29%、64.96%-87.18%and 14.23%-315.73%,respectively,and the differences were significant.Compared with B0 treatment,the amylose content of Yongyou 1540 of B1 and B2 treatments increased by 26.61%-27.64%,the amino acid content,essential amino acid content and amino acid content of 15 components except methionine decreased by 36.59%-53.46%,34.23-50.74%and 3.78%-68.25%,respectively.Therefore,when the nitrogen application rate was 180 kg/hm^(2),there was no significant effect to grain yield by increasing bacterial residue,excessive amount of mushroom residue application(B3)will cause the increase of amylose content and the decrease of amino acid content in rice.The application amount of mushroom residue not exceeding 30000 bar/hm^(2)is beneficial for improving rice quality.