多尺度下城市应急避难场所布局合理性研究——以合肥市区为例

Research on the Layout Rationality of Urban EmergencyShelters under Multiple Scales:A Case Study of Hefei City

从应急避难场所个体和街道单元应急避难场所分组两个尺度出发,通过可达性分析,基于有效性、通达性、适宜性、公平性指标,运用熵权法和灰色关联度法,构建了城市应急避难场所指标评估模型并对其合理性进行了评价。结果表明:合肥市区应急避难场所在空间上分布不均衡,整体上呈现出小集聚、大分散的基本格局。应急避难场所可达性与人口分布的空间匹配性差。合肥市区多数应急避难场所空间布局不尽合理,避难场所综合服务能力较差,灾时难以满足居民需求。从街道单元层面来看,应急避难场所所在街道合理性从老城区向外呈现出内优外劣的空间分布态势,不同街道内应急避难场所资源服务能力差异明显。

Through accessibility analysis,based on the indicators of effectiveness,accessibility,suitability and fairness,this paper constructs an index evaluation model of urban emergency shelters and evaluates its rationality by using the entropy weight method and the gray correlation method.The results show that:the spatial distribution of emergency shelters in Hefei urban area is uneven,and the overall pattern of small agglomeration and large dispersion is presented.The accessibility of emergency shelters is poorly matched with the spatial distribution of population.The spatial layout of most emergency shelters in Hefei urban area is not reasonable,and the comprehensive service capacity of shelters is poor,which makes it difficult to meet the needs of residents during disasters.From the perspective of street units,the rationality of the streets where the emergency shelters are located shows a spatial distribution trend of internal advantages and external disadvantages from the old city to the outside,and the resource service capacity of emergency shelters in different streets is obviously different.