基于环境DNA技术的宜宾江段秋季鱼类多样性研究

Fish Diversity in Yibin Section in Autumn Based on eDNA Technology

为探索适用于宜宾江段鱼类多样性研究的新方法,2021年10月25—27日采集金沙江下游向家坝坝下2km至宜宾市李庄古镇的干流区段(简称“宜宾江段”)7个采样断面的水样,使用环境DNA技术检测宜宾江段秋季鱼类多样性。通过环境DNA样品的采集和高通量测序分析,从宜宾江段环境DNA样品中共检测出30种鱼类(不包括未鉴定到种水平的2属),隶属于5目12科29属,其中1种为国家级保护鱼类,3种为长江上游特有鱼类;铜鱼属、吻虾虎鱼属、黑鲈属和■属在各个采样的断面均被检测到且为优势属。结果表明,环境DNA技术目前虽还无法完全取代传统鱼类调查方法,但其具有工作效率高、灵敏度高、非侵入性等特点,可作为一种重要的补充工具,适用于相关流域鱼类的多样性研究。本调查结果丰富了宜宾江段鱼类群落的结构功能信息,也为禁渔效果评估奠定了基础数据。

In order to explore a new method for survey of fish diversity in the Yibin River section,the fish diversity was detected in samples collected from 7 sampling sections from the downstream of the Jinsha River to the main stream section of Lizhuang Ancient Town,Yibin City(here referred to as the"Yibin River Section")from October 25 to 27,2021 by environmental DNA metabarcoding(eDNA)technology.A total of 30 species of fish(excluding 2 genera,not identified at the species level)were detected from the environmental DNA samples in the Yibin section,belonging to 5 orders,12 families and 29 genera,including 1 national-level protected fish species and 3 endemic fish species in the upper reaches of the Changjiang River.Coreius,Rhinogobius,Micropterus,and Liobagrus were found to be the dominant genera at each sampling section.It was found that the environmental DNA technology was characterized by high efficiency,high sensitivity and non-invasive compared with the traditional survey methods and used as an important supplementary tool for studying the fish diversity of relevant basins,even though it did not completely replace traditional methods.The finding enriches the structural and functional information of fish communities in the Yibin section and provides basic information for the evaluation of fishery ban effect.