箱内马铃薯码放形式对贮藏效果影响的数值模拟研究

The Study of Numerical Simulation on the Effect of Potato Stacking Forms in Packaging Boxes on Storage Efficiency

随着马铃薯逐步使用包装箱进行贮藏,为研究其在包装箱内不同摆放方式下对贮藏效果产生的影响,采用直接计算流体力学数值方法对模型进行模拟计算。通过对比分析各种码放形式下的气体流速和温度分布均匀性情况,对贮藏效果的影响进行了分析,得出了最佳的码放方式。结果表明,包装箱内中间层气流速度较高,马铃薯的温度相对较低;其他平面的气流速度较低,马铃薯的温度高于中间层的温度且分布较均匀。在通风300 min后,包装箱内马铃薯的温度均降低为3~5℃,符合预期要求,具有较好的通风效果。针对不同码放形式,错位间隔排列时上下两平面气流速度的最大值与最小值之比为2.5,温度的最大值与最小值相差0.2℃;中间平面气流速度最大值与最小值之比为4.8、相差约2.85 m/s,且箱内气流速度均匀,降温效果较好。对于箱装马铃薯的贮藏,应当优先选择错位间隔排列码放方式,以得到较好的贮藏效果。

With the gradual use of packaging boxes for potato storage,the influence of different stacking methods on the storage effect of potatoes was studied.This study used direct computational fluid dynamics numerical methods to simulate the models of potatoes in packaging boxes under different stacking forms.By comparing and analyzing the gas velocity and temperature distribution uniformity in various stacking forms,the impact on the storage effect was analyzed,and the optimal stacking method was determined.The results showed that the gas velocity in the intermediate layer of the packaging box was relatively high,resulting in a lower temperature of the potatoes.The gas velocity in the other planes was lower,and the temperature of the potatoes was higher than that in the intermediate layer but with a more uniform distribution.After 300 minutes of ventilation,the temperature of the potatoes in the packaging box decreased to 3~5℃,meeting the expected requirements and demonstrating good ventilation effects.For different stacking patterns,when arranged in a staggered pattern,the maximum gas flow velocity on the upper and lower planes was 2.5 times the minimum value,and the maximum temperature difference was 0.2℃.On the middle plane,the maximum gas flow velocity was 4.8 times the minimum value,with a difference of about 2.85 m/s,and the gas flow velocity inside the bin was uniform,with a good cooling effect.For the storage of boxed potatoes,the staggered arrangement stacking method should be prioritized to achieve better storage results.