韶关市不同森林类型特征及其生态功能评估

Characteristics and Ecological Function Assessment of Different Forests in Shaoguan City

韶关市森林资源丰富,因此科学评估其森林生态功能,对于制定有效的森林管理和保护策略至关重要。研究通过利用反映森林生物量、生物多样性和森林结构的有关因子,按相对重要性对韶关市不同优势树种森林的特征及生态功能等级进行了系统评估,结果表明,2023年韶关市乔木林面积总计117.11×10^(5) hm^(2),碳储量总计4231.61×10^(5) t。碳储量排前列的依次为其他软阔林(758.19×10^(5) t)、阔叶混交林(710.62×10^(5) t)和其他硬阔林(696.02×10^(5) t)。马尾松Pinus massoniana、湿地松P.elliottii和针阔混交林在树高和胸径方面表现出显著的优势;阔叶混交林在郁闭度(0.700±0.001)和总覆盖度(86.42%±0.10%)表现最佳;针叶混交林、其他软阔和阔叶混交林的枯枝落叶和腐殖质厚度较大。杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata的公顷蓄积量最高(130.46±0.43 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),其次是湿地松(122.24±1.57 m^(3)·hm^(-2))和针阔混交林(111.70±0.52 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),显示出其在碳储存和木材生产方面的潜力。综合来看,阔叶混交林、针阔混交林和针叶混交林在韶关市的森林生态系统中表现出较高的生态功能,特别是阔叶混交林,其综合生态功能远优于其他林型。因此,在未来的森林管理和保护中,应优先考虑发展和维护混交林,以最大化其生态功能和环境效益。这也与“绿美广东”政策中提出的“营造高质高效乡土阔叶混交林,提升森林生态效益”的目标一致。

Shaoguan city is rich in forest resources,so scientifically evaluating its forest ecological functions is crucial for the formulation of effective forest management and conservation strategies.This study systematically evaluated the characteristics and ecological function levels of different dominant tree species in Shaoguan city according to their relative importance by using relevant factors reflecting forest biomass,biodiversity and forest structure.It was found that in 2023,the total area of arboreal forests in Shaoguan city was 117.11×10^(5) hm^(2),with a total carbon storage of 4231.61×10^(5) t.The top carbon storage was observed in other malacophyll broadleaved forests(758.19×10^(5) t),mixed broadleaved forests(710.62×10^(5) t),and other sclerophyll broadleaved forests(696.02×10^(5) t).Significant advantages in tree height and diameter at breast height were shown by Pinus massoniana forests,P.elliottii forests,and mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests.The best performance in canopy density(0.700±0.001)and total coverage(86.42%±0.10%)was exhibited by mixed broadleaved forests.Greater litter and humus thickness were found in mixed coniferous forests,other malacophyll broadleaved forests,and mixed broadleaved forests.The highest per-hectare accumulation(130.46±0.43 m^(3)·hm^(-2))was recorded for Cunninghamia lanceolata forests,followed by P.elliottii forests(122.24±1.57 m^(3)·hm^(-2))and mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests(111.70±0.52 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),indicating their potential in carbon storage and timber production.Overall,higher ecological functions in Shaoguan city′s forest ecosystems were exhibited by mixed broadleaved forests,mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests,and mixed coniferous forests,especially mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests,whose comprehensive ecological functions far surpassed other forest types.Therefore,in future forest management and conservation efforts,the development and maintenance of mixed forests should be prioritized to maximize their ecological functions and environmental benefits.This is aligned with the“Green and Beautiful Guangdong”policy,which aims to“create high-quality and efficient native mixed broadleaved forests and enhance forest ecological benefits.”