数字化对高技术产业创新投入的影响——基于研发创新与非研发创新的比较

The Impact of Digitalization on Innovation Investment in High-Tech Industries:A Comparison Based on R&D Innovation and Non-R&D Innovation

在构建数字化影响研发投入理论框架的基础上,选取2012—2021年高技术产业省级面板数据,实证检验数字化对不同类型创新投入的差异化影响,进一步探究政府和市场在其中的作用机制。研究发现:数字化对高技术产业研发创新投入和非研发创新投入均具有显著促进作用,其中,对研发创新投入的边际影响远远大于非研发创新投入;机制检验发现,数字化对不同类型创新投入的作用机制具有差异性,其中,数字化通过增加研发人员提高研发创新投入,通过促进产业集聚提高非研发创新投入。进一步分析发现,政府支持强度能够强化数字化对研发创新投入的促进作用,但会弱化数字化对非研发创新投入的促进作用;市场化程度则显著抑制数字化对研发创新投入的积极作用,但在数字化促进非研发创新投入的过程中作用微弱,出现市场失灵现象。

With the vigorous rise of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation,digital technology has become a new driving force for global innovation and development.As the most innovative and dynamic industry,the innovation capability of high-tech industries directly affects national technological strength and international competitiveness.In this context,how to use digitization to stimulate the innovation vitality of high-tech industries has become an important issue of widespread concern in the academic community.Previous studies have revealed that digitalization can positively impact innovation and promote an increase in innovation investment.A few scholars have subdivided innovation investment and studied the impact of digitization on different types of innovation investment.But there is still a lack of research on the internal segmentation of innovation investment and the impact of digital transformation on different types of innovation investment.Due to significant differences in resource requirements,knowledge base,risks,and benefits among different types of innovation activities,the impact of digitalization on different types of innovation investment will also be different.It is necessary to explore the differential impact of digitalization on different types of innovation investment from a heterogeneous perspective.Most existing studies have classified innovation into exploratory innovation and exploitative innovation based on its novelty and knowledge base.Both types of innovation essentially belong to R&D innovation,and the important role of non-R&D innovation has long been ignored.However,the innovation foundation of China's high-tech industry is weak,the innovation endowment has regional heterogeneity,and non-R&D innovation still plays an important role,and the proportion of non-R&D innovation investment in China's high-tech industry has been more than 16%in the past five years.In the context of digitalization,it is necessary to distinguish innovation investment in high-tech industries into R&D innovation investment and non-R&D innovation investment,and further explore the mechanism of digitalization affecting the two kinds of innovation investment.In addition,the government and market are important external driving forces for enterprise innovation,and the government's behavior and market role cannot be ignored.Thus,this study further explores the moderating roles of the intensity of government support and the level of marketization in this process.With China's high-tech industry as the research object,the study constructs a theoretical framework for the impact of digitalization on heterogeneous R&D investment.Using provincial panel data on high-tech industries from 2012 to 2021,it empirically tests the differential impact of digitalization on different types of innovation investment,and further explores the mechanisms of government and market.The results show that digitalization has a significant promoting effect on both R&D innovation investment and non-R&D innovation investment in high-tech industries,and its marginal impact on R&D innovation investment is much higher than that of non-R&D innovation investment.The mechanism test shows that digitalization has different mechanisms for different types of innovation investment.Digitalization increases R&D innovation investment by increasing R&D personnel,and increases non-R&D innovation investment by promoting industrial agglomeration.Further analysis reveals that the intensity of government support can strengthen the promoting effect of digitalization on R&D innovation investment,but it will weaken the promoting effect of digitalization on non-R&D innovation investment.The degree of marketization significantly suppresses the positive effect of digitalization on R&D innovation investment,but has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between digitalization and non-R&D innovation investment,resulting in market failure.Compared with existing literature,this study divides innovation investment into R&D innovation investment and non-R&D innovation investment,and includes the two types of innovation investment in the same analytical framework for comparative research,making up for the limitations of existing literature's excessive emphasis on R&D innovation and neglect of non-R&D innovation.Then,from the dual perspectives of the government and the market,it explores the differences in the moderating effects of the two in the process of digitalization affecting high-tech industry innovation investment,provides a theoretical basis for promoting a better combination of a promising government and an effective market,and gives full play to the role of the government and the market in the field of innovation.