变翼尖机翼技术研究现状与发展趋势

Research status and development trend of morphing wingtip technology

机翼翼尖对飞行器的气动性能和操控性能有重要影响,在起飞、爬升、巡航、下降等不同飞行阶段,飞行器对机翼翼尖几何参数有不同需求。变翼尖机翼技术是一种多功能、局部变体技术,可用于提升机翼气动性能、提高燃油效率、减轻阵风载荷、强化操控性能等用途。从气动特性、结构响应和操控特性3方面,对变翼尖机翼技术效益进行梳理,从翼尖变形形式、材料与结构组成2个角度,展开对变翼尖机翼技术研究现状的讨论,指出变翼尖机翼技术正在向多功能集成、组合变形和智能化方向发展。提出变翼尖机翼技术亟需解决的4项关键技术,即全局气动优化、变形/承载一体化蒙皮技术、高效驱动系统设计、智能控制技术,分析了各项关键技术的技术特点和研究难点。变翼尖机翼关键技术若得到突破,相关技术将可以移植应用到全局变体飞行器技术中。

The wingtip has an important influence on the aerodynamic and control performance of the aircraft.Different flight stages such as take-off,climb,cruise,and descent impose diverse requirements for the geometric parameters of the wingtip.The morphing wingtip technology is a multi-functional,local morphing technology used to improve wing aerodynamic performance and fuel efficiency,reduce gust loads,and enhance control performance.This paper classifies the technical benefits of morphing wingtips from the three aspects of aerodynamic characteristics,structural response,and control characteristics,and discusses the current research status of the morphing wingtip technology from the two perspectives of wingtip deformation form,and material and structure composition.In addition,this article points out that the morphing wingtip technology is developing towards multifunctional integration,combined deformation,and intelligence.Four key technologies that need to be urgently solved for the morphing wingtip technology are presented,including the high-output actuator system,deformation/loading integrative skins,global aerodynamic optimization,and intelligent control technology,and the technical characteristics and research difficulties of each key technology are analyzed.If there is a breakthrough in the key technology of morphing wingtip,the related technology can be transplanted and applied to the global morphing aircraft.