生物炭对连作土壤微生物群落影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of Biochar on Microbial Communities in Continuous Cropping Soil

随着我国集约化、现代化农业的迅速发展,土壤连作障碍日趋严重,而连作改变了土壤微生物多样性,打破了土壤有益菌和病原菌群间的平衡,引发了多种病害的发生。生物炭作为土壤改良剂,可以改善连作土壤微生物多样性、丰度及菌群结构,进而改善土壤环境,有利于作物生长发育。生物炭对土壤微生物的影响与生物炭施入方式、施用量、种类和配施物质等有关,各研究结论并不一致。本文主要从生物炭不同施入方式、不同施用量、不同生物炭种类和生物炭配施不同物质对作物连作土壤微生物数量、多样性、群落结构及致病微生物的影响进行总结,以期明确生物炭的最优使用方式。未来建议研究生物炭对不同连作土壤中微生物差异影响的作用机制、基于生物炭的农业生态环境调控机制、新型生物炭的开发等,以实现农业的绿色、健康、可持续发展。

With the rapid development of intensive and modern agriculture,continuous cropping obstacles are becoming increasingly severe.Continuous cropping changes soil microbial diversity,disrupts the balance between soil probiotics and pathogenic bacteria,and triggers the occurrence of various diseases.Biochar,as a soil amendment,can improve the diversity,richness and microbial community structure of continuous cropping soil,thereby improving the soil environment and promoting crop growth and development.The effect of biochar on soil microorganisms is related to the application methods,amounts,types and mixed substances of biochar,and the conclusions of various studies are not consistent.This article mainly reviewed the effects of different application methods,amounts,types and mixed substances of biochar on microbial quantity,diversity,community structure and pathogenic microorganisms in continuous cropping soil,in order to clarify the optimal application method of biochar.In the future,it is recommended to study the mechanism of the differential effects of biochar on microorganisms in different continuous cropping soils,the mechanism of agricultural ecological environment regulation based on biochar and the development of new biochar to achieve green,healthy and sustainable development of agriculture.