国内外液氨管道输送技术标准对比分析

Comparative analysis of domestic and foreign liquid ammonia pipeline transportation technical standards

管道运输是液氨最为经济的长距离输送方式,液氨管道输送标准化是保障管道规范建设、运营和维护的重要环节,而国内现行标准中有关液氨管道输送技术的信息较少。为此,系统分析了国内外液氨管道建设现状和现行液氨管道输送技术标准,重点探讨了相关标准中输送工艺、线路、管道(管道附件、支撑件)设计和输氨站等方面规定的异同点,并提出了适用性建议。对于液氨管道质量要求、介质流速、管材选择、腐蚀裕量和站场防护设施等方面可分别参照GB/T 536、GB 50253、SY/T 7629、SH/T 3074和美国ASME B31.4等标准执行。对于液氨管道的埋地管道净距、地区等级划分、截断阀室最大间距、站场防火间距和站场安全泄放等方面可参考规定相对严格的油气管道相关标准法规(GB 51142、GB50253、GB50160和美国29 CFR1910.111等)执行。考虑到液氨的毒性、扩散特征和防控措施与油气存在一定差异,建议开展液氨泄漏扩散和安全泄放风险评估及预测的研究,对适用于液氨场景的间距取值及规定开展进一步论证。

Pipeline transportation is the most economical long-distance transportation method for liquid ammonia,and the standardization of liquid ammonia pipeline transportation technology is an important link to ensure the standardized construction,operation and maintenance of pipelines.However,there is relatively little information on liquid ammonia pipeline transportation technology in the current domestic standards.For this purpose,a systematic analysis was conducted on the current status of liquid ammonia pipeline construction at home and abroad,as well as the current technical standards for liquid ammonia pipeline transportation.The focus was on exploring the similarities and differences in the provisions of transportation processes,pipeline routes,pipeline(pipeline accessories,supports)design and ammonia transportation stations in relevant standards,and providing applicability suggestions.For the quality requirements,medium flow rate,pipe material selection,corrosion allowance and station protection facilities of liquid ammonia pipelines,reference can be made to standards such as GB/T 536,GB 50253,SY/T 7629,SH/T 3074 and ASME B31.4(the United States),respectively.For the buried pipeline clearance of the liquid ammonia pipeline,regional classification,maximum spacing of isolation valve chambers,fire protection spacing at stations and safety relief,relatively strict standards and regulations related to oil and gas pipelines(GB 51142,GB50253,GB50160,and 29 CFR1910.11(the United States))can be referred to for implementation.Considering the differences in the toxic properties,diffusion characteristics and prevention and control measures between liquid ammonia and oil and gas,it is recommended to conduct risk assessment and prediction research on the diffusion and safe release of liquid ammonia leakage,and further demonstrate the spacing values and regulations applicable to liquid ammonia scenarios.