山东冬暖大棚番茄潜叶蛾色板监测技术

The use of colored sticky traps to monitor the tomato leaf-miner moth,Tuta absoluta,in solar greenhouses in Shandong Province

【目的】山东是我国番茄的主要产地,冬暖大棚番茄是山东省番茄的主要生产模式。国内外对粘虫色板诱杀技术的研究已取得重大成果,但针对蔬菜冬暖大棚粘虫色板对番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta的诱集影响报道较少。进行冬暖大棚番茄潜叶蛾色板诱杀试验,以期为冬暖大棚番茄潜叶蛾的监测预警、绿色防控和番茄的安全生产提供数据支撑。【方法】设置粘虫色板不同颜色、黑色粘虫板悬挂高度、南北东西不同位置、与垄向呈不同角度和与水平面不同夹角的诱蛾试验,对诱蛾效果进行比较。【结果】黑色和红色粘虫板对冬暖大棚番茄潜叶蛾的诱集效果最佳,诱集数量分别达14.30和11.75头/板。其次为玫红色板(6.20头/板)和蓝板(4.75头/板),黄板、绿板、粉板和白板的诱集效果较差;诱蛾效果随着色板悬挂高度的升高而降低,以色板接近地面的诱蛾效果最好;在冬暖大棚南北方向上色板诱蛾效果呈现出南高北低的趋势,以南端色板诱集数量最高,达到85.45头/板;在冬暖大棚东西方向上色板诱蛾效果呈现出两端高中间低的趋势,东、西两端色板诱集数量分别达到153.00和104.00头/板;色板诱蛾效果与水平面夹角密切相关,色板平面与地面垂直摆放诱蛾效果最好(35.60头/板);色板诱蛾效果与垄向夹角也密切相关,顺垄方向悬挂的色板诱蛾量最高,达到35.60头/板。【结论】在番茄冬暖大棚东西两端靠近南边、近地面顺垄方向悬挂黑色或红色粘虫板监测冬暖大棚番茄潜叶蛾成虫种群发生效果最佳,可进行推广应用。

[Aim]To determine the relative attractiveness of different colored sticky traps to the tomato leaf-miner moth in solar tomato greenhouses in Shandong Province.[Methods]A trapping experiment to determine the attractiveness of different colors,and the optimal hanging height,position,angle and orientation of colored sticky traps,was performed.[Results]Black and red sticky traps captured the most tomato leaf-miner moths;14.30 and 11.75 ind./trap,respectively,followed by rose sticky traps(6.20 ind./trap)and blue sticky trap(4.75 ind./trap).Yellow,green,pink and white sticky traps were less effective.The number of moths caught in black sticky traps decreased with trap height,and was best when traps were close to the ground.More moths(up to 85.45 ind./trap)tended to be caught in black sticky traps situated at the southern end,or side,of greenhouses than the north.Relatively high numbers of moths were caught in black sticky traps situated at the eastern and western ends,or sides,of greenhouses,with relatively few caught in the middle of the east-west axis.The number caught at the eastern and western ends,or sides,of greenhouses reached 153.00 and 104.00 ind./trap,respectively.Trapping effectiveness was also closely related to the angle of the black sticky trap surface to the horizontal plane,and was highest when traps was orientated vertically to the ground(35.60 ind./trap).Trapping effectiveness was also closely related to the orientation of black sticky traps to the greenhouse ridge;more moths were caught in traps hanging along the ridge line(up to 35.60 ind./trap).[Conclusion]Black or red sticky traps used to monitor the occurrence of tomato leaf-miner moths in greenhouses should be hung at the eastern and western sides of greenhouses,towards the southern end,close to the ground and along the ridge line.