“要不然”类推论标记的来源及其关联功能的扩展

Origin of Type of"Yao Bu Ran(要不然)"Inference Marker and Extension of Its Associative Functions

“要不然”类推论标记包括“不然”“要不然”“要不”,表示对上文某种情况作出否定性假设,然后推导出某个结论。推论标记“不然”始见于上古汉语,“要不然”和“要不”始见于近代汉语。从根本上说,“要不然”类推论标记来源于“(如果)不这样”义的否定性假设小句。“要不然”类推论标记的连词化并不伴随着语法化,其否定性假设小句的性质未变。不过“要不然”类推论标记连词化后进一步语法化了,关联功能得到扩展,可以表示选择,进而可以表示建议。“否定性假设小句→推论标记→选择标记→建议标记”是推论标记的形成和演变模式。

The type of"Yao Bu Ran(要不然)"inference marker include"Bu Ran(不然)""Yao Bu Ran(要不然)"and"Yao Bu(要不)",which indicate a negative hypothesis about a certain situation in the preced-ing text,and then deduce a conclusion.The inferential markers of"Bu Ran(不然)"first appeared in an-cient Chinese,"Yao Bu Ran(要不然)"and"Yao Bu(要不)"began to appear in modern Chinese.Funda-mentally,the forming of"Yao Bu Ran(要不然)"inference marker are evolved from negative hypothesis clause with the meaning of"if not".The conjunctionalization of the type of"Yao Bu Ran(要不然)"infer-ence marker is not accompanied by grammaticalization,and its semantics is not empty,and the essence of the negative hypothesis clause has not changed.However,the type of"Yao Bu Ran(要不然)"inference marker is further grammaticalized after its conjunctionalization,the associative function is extended,and can express choices,further represent recommendations."Negative hypothesis clause→inference marker→choice marker→suggestion marker"is the formation and evolution model of inference marker.