我国铁路货运品类结构变化分析

Changes in Category Structure of Railway Freight Transportation in China

进入2000年以来,我国铁路进入一个快速发展时期,铁路运力紧张的局面得到改善,但是铁路货物运输的发送量和货物周转量在全社会货物运输的比重在下降。通过数据研究发现,近年来铁路货运量总体呈现上升趋势,而国家铁路货运品类结构的特征是前5品类占比在不断加强,在货运增量中,这种结构特征进一步强化。同时,对上述现象进行研究发现能源消费结构、城镇化率和国家政策是影响我国铁路货运品类结构变化的主要影响因素。最后,针对铁路货运品类结构影响因素的变化趋势对我国铁路货运发展趋势进行展望,为推动我国铁路货运高质量发展提供支撑。

Since 2000,China’s railways have entered a period of rapid development,and the tense situation of railway transportation capacity has been improved.However,the proportion of railway freight volume and freight turnover in the whole social freight transportation is declining.This paper found through data research that in recent years,the overall railway freight volume showed an upward trend,and the category structure of railway freight transportation showed the characteristic that the proportion of the top 5 categories was constantly increasing.In the increment of freight,this structural feature was further strengthened.Meanwhile,research on the above phenomena revealed that energy consumption structure,urbanization rate,and national policies were the main factors affecting the structural changes in railway freight transportation categories in China.Finally,based on the changing trend of factors affecting the category structure of railway freight transportation,this paper looked forward to the future development trend of railway freight transportation in China,providing support for promoting the high-quality development of railway freight transportation in China.