果胶提取方法、结构和改善慢性疾病研究进展

Research Progress on Extraction Methods,Structure and Improvement of Chronic Diseases of Pectins

果胶是在果蔬中广泛存在的大分子水溶性膳食纤维,具有多种生理功能,在食品、医药健康领域有巨大的开发潜力。通过查阅国内外近20年相关文献,系统总结常见果胶的结构及提取方式,发现目前果胶的结构研究多集中于同型半乳糖醛酸聚糖、鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖-Ⅰ和鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖-Ⅱ。提取方法中,酸法和水法提取技术最成熟,亚临界水法提取具有极强的应用及推广潜力。此外,果胶可通过调控肠道微生态和其他分子通路改善慢性代谢性疾病。因此,本文综述了近年来国内外在果胶结构、提取方法、慢性病改善等方面的研究进展,总结了果胶改善慢病的作用机制及果胶结构与慢病的构象关系,以期为果胶的深入开发和产业应用提供理论参考。

Pectin is a macromolecular water-soluble dietary fiber,which was widely distributed in fruits and vegetables.Pectin has various physiology functions,which has great development potential in the fields of food,medicine and health.By reviewing literature over the past 20 years,the common structures and extraction methods of pectin have been systematically summarized.Current structural studies of pectin have focused on homogalacturonans,rhamnogalacturonan-Ⅰ and rhamnogalacturonan-Ⅱ.Among the extraction methods,acid and aqueous extraction are the most mature technologies.Among these methods,subcritical aqueous extraction has great potential for application and popularization.Additionally,pectin plays an important role in ameliorating chronic metabolic diseases through intestinal microecology and other molecular pathways.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress in recent years on the structure,extraction methods,and the beneficial effect on the chronic diseases of pectin both domestically and internationally.Furthermore,this article summarizes the mechanism of action of pectin in improving chronic diseases and the conformational relationship between pectin structure and chronic diseases.This study would provide theoretical references for product development and industrial application of pectin.