区块链技术背景下NFT作品权利穷竭原则的适用

Application of Principle of Exhaustion of Rights in NFT Works in the Context of Blockchain Technology

对于转卖NFT数字藏品是否可以援引权利穷竭原则,“肯定说”主张类推适用权利穷竭原则,“否定说”否认权利穷竭原则的适用,“折中说”主张基于信息网络传播权设立有限适用的规则。但这三种观点均未基于区块链技术的特质去辨析权利穷竭原则的适用问题。对发行权的穷竭旨在保护知识产权合法主体对该产品的转售处分。传统数字作品因复制“非竞争性”且转售后原持有人仍保留原作品等原因而不宜适用权利穷竭原则,但是区块链环境下交付密码、变更登记、无需复制即可完成转售的新模式应当适用权利穷竭原则。

As to whether the resale of NFT digital collections can invoke the principle of exhaustion of rights,“affirmative”advocates the application of the principle of exhaustion of rights by analogy;“negative theory”denies the application of the principle of exhaustion of rights;“compromise theory”advocates the establishment of rules with limited application based on the right of information network dissemination.These three perspectives have not yet analyzed the application of the principle of exhaustion of rights based on the characteristics of blockchain technology.The exhaustion of the right of distribution is intended to protect the resale of the product by the legitimate subject of intellectual property rights.The principle of exhaustion of rights should not be applied to traditional digital works due to reasons such as the“non-competition”of reproduction and the original owner’s retaining the original work.However,in the blockchain environment,the new model of delivering passwords,changing registrations and completing resale without copying should apply the principle of exhaustion of rights.