某石化企业职工职业紧张及其影响因素分析:基于2种职业紧张评估模式

Investigation on occupational stress and its influencing factors in a petrochemical enterprise based on two occupational stress assessment models

目的探讨不同模式下某石化企业职工的职业紧张状况及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,于2020年9月—2021年3月选择广东省某石油化工企业1677名职工作为调查对象,分别采用工作要求-自主(job demandcontrol,JDC)模式的《工作内容问卷》和付出-回报失衡(effort-reward imbalance,ERI)模式的《付出-回报失衡问卷》评估调查对象职业紧张状况,多因素logistic回归分析职业紧张的影响因素。结果本次调查共发放问卷1684份,回收有效问卷1677份,有效回收率为99.58%。JDC模式和ERI模式职业紧张检出率分别为28.6%和26.2%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,JDC模式下,>20年工龄职工发生职业紧张的风险低于工龄<10年职工(OR=0.535,95%CI:0.292~0.978);轮班作业职工发生职业紧张的风险高于常白班职工(OR=1.319,95%CI:1.028~1.693);视屏作业职工发生职业紧张的风险高于其他职工(OR=1.662,95%CI:1.229~2.246);月收入10000~12000元职工发生职业紧张的风险高于月收入<10000元职工(OR=1.566,95%CI:1.167~2.102);饮酒职工发生职业紧张的风险低于不饮酒职工(OR=0.758,95%CI:0.599~0.959);缺乏运动职工发生职业紧张的风险高于运动组(OR=1.318,95%CI:1.028~1.689);睡眠时间为6~7 h和>7 h组职工发生职业紧张的风险均低于睡眠时间<6 h组(OR=0.675、0.496,95%CI分别为0.522~0.873和0.364~0.676)。ERI模式下,女性发生职业紧张的风险低于男性(OR=0.464,95%CI:0.300~0.715);10~20年工龄职工发生职业紧张的风险低于工龄<10年职工(OR=0.685,95%CI:0.511~0.918);接触化学毒物的职工发生职业紧张的风险高于不接触者(OR=1.331,95%CI:1.023~1.730);视屏作业职工发生职业紧张风险高于其他人员(OR=1.477,95%CI:1.088~2.007);睡眠时间6~7 h与>7 h职工发生职业紧张的风险低于睡眠时间<6 h职工(OR=0.723、0.508,95%CI分别为0.557~0.937和0.369~0.699)。结论该石化企业职工职业紧张检出率较高。JDC模式与ERI模式得出的结论不尽相同。企业应合理安排工作时间,营造舒适的工作环境,加强职业卫生工程防护及个体防护,重视员工心理健康培训,缓解职工的职业紧张;职工也应合理安排作息,适量运动,预防职业紧张的发生。

Objective To investigate the occupational stress status and its influencing factors among employees in a petrochemical enterprise under different models.Methods A total of 1677 employees in a petrochemical enterprise in Guangdong Province were selected using cluster sampling as survey subjects from September 2020 to March 2021.The Job Content Questionnaire based on the job demand-control(JDC)model and the effort-reward imbalance(ERI)Questionnaire were used to assess the occupational stress status.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influencing factors of occupational stress.Results A total of 1684 questionnaires were distributed,and 1677 valid questionnaires were returned,with an effective recovery rate of 99.58%.The frequency rates of occupational stress assessed by the JDC and ERI models were 28.6%and 26.2%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that under the JDC model,employees with more than 20 years of service had a lower risk of occupational stress compared to those with less than 10 years of service(OR=0.535,95%CI:0.292 to 0.978);shift workers had a higher risk of occupational stress compared to regular day workers(OR=1.319,95%CI:1.028 to 1.693);employees exposed to screen work had a higher risk of occupational stress compared to those not exposed(OR=1.662,95%CI:1.229 to 2.246);employees with a monthly income of 10000 to 12000 yuan had a higher risk of occupational stress compared to those with a monthly income of less than 10000 yuan(OR=1.566,95%CI:1.167 to 2.102);employees who consumed alcohol had a lower risk of occupational stress compared to those who did not(OR=0.758,95%CI:0.599 to 0.959);employees who lacked exercise had a higher risk of occupational stress compared to those who did exercise(OR=1.318,95%CI:1.028 to 1.689);employees with sleep durations of 6 to 7 hours and more than 7 hours had a lower risk of occupational stress compared to those with sleep durations of less than 6 hours(OR=0.675,0.496,95%CI:0.522 to 0.873 and 0.364 to 0.676,respectively).Under the ERI model,females had a lower risk of occupational stress compared to males(OR=0.464,95%CI:0.300 to 0.715);employees with 10 to 20 years of service had a lower risk of occupational stress compared to those with less than 10 years of service(OR=0.685,95%CI:0.511 to 0.918);employees exposed to chemical toxins had a higher risk of occupational stress compared to non-exposed workers(OR=1.331,95%CI:1.023 to 1.730);employees exposed to screen work had a higher risk of occupational stress compared to non-exposed workers(OR=1.477,95%CI:1.088 to 2.007);employees with sleep durations of 6 to 7 hours and more than 7 hours had a lower risk of occupational stress compared to those with sleep durations of less than 6 hours(OR=0.723,0.508,95%CI:0.557 to 0.937 and 0.369 to 0.699,respectively).Conclusions The frequency rate of occupational stress among employees of this petrochemical enterprise was relatively high.The results drawn from the JDC and ERI models were not entirely consistent.Enterprises should reasonably arrange working hours,create a comfortable working environment,strengthen occupational health engineering protection and individual protection,pay attention to employees’mental health training,and alleviate employees’occupational stress.Employees should also reasonably arrange their work and rest and exercise moderately to prevent occupational stress.