超浸润木基生物质多孔材料用于油水分离研究进展

Supersaturated wood-based biomass porous materials for oil/water separation

餐厨垃圾和工业废水中油和水的高效分离仍具挑战性。传统的油水分离技术主要包括重力沉降、离心、吸附、浮选和电化学等,存在着分离效率低、分离不彻底等问题。如何高效且低成本地实现油水分离已成为当前研究的热点。木材是一种可持续发展的生物材料,并且自身具有多级孔隙结构和丰富羟基官能团,其衍生物具备超浸润特性,因此其有望成为一种新型的油水分离材料。通过优化木材内部细胞孔径,对其进行超疏水或超亲水表面润湿性改性,进而促进木质基复合材料对油水混合乳液的物理化学过滤和吸附,最终实现废水中油污的有效去除。本文对油水混合物及含油废水的特性及危害进行了概述,并系统综述了具有超浸润特性(超亲水/水下超疏油、超疏水/超亲油)的木基多孔过滤膜和吸附材料用于分离含油废水的构建策略,概述了近年来具有超浸润特性的木基生物质多孔材料在油水分离领域的研究进展,并总结了这种材料存在的问题,展望了未来潜在的研究方向。

The efficient separation of oil and water from kitchen waste and industrial wastewater remains challenging.Traditional oil-water separation techniques mainly include gravity settling,centrifugation,adsorption,flotation and electrochemistry,which suffer from low separation efficiency and incomplete separation.How to realize oil-water separation with high efficiency and low cost has become a hot spot of current research.Wood is a sustainable biomaterial and has a multilevel pore structure and abundant hydroxyl functional groups,and its derivatives have super-wetting properties,so it is expected to be a new type of oil-water separation material.By optimizing the internal cell pore size of wood and modifying its superhydrophobic or superhydrophobic surface wettability,the physicochemical filtration and adsorption of wood-based composites on oil-water mixed emulsions can be promoted,and the effective removal of oil from wastewater can be realized.In this paper,the characteristics and hazards of oil-water mixtures and oily wastewater are summarized,and the construction strategies of woodbased porous filtration membranes and adsorbent materials with super-wetting properties(superhydrophobic/underwater superoleophobicity,superhydrophobic/superoleophilic)for the separation of oil-containing wastewater are reviewed systematically,and the progress of the research on wood-based biomass porous materials with super-wetting properties in the field of oil-water separation in recent years is summarized and the problems and potential future research directions of such materials are summarized and outlooked.