资源依赖视域下荒漠化地区农户耕地利用效率差异及影响因素研究——基于南疆四地州农户调查数据

A study on the differences and influencing factors of farmland utilization efficiency of farmers in desertified areas from the perspective of resource dependence:based on survey data of farmers in the four prefectures of southern Xinjiang

本文构建了不同经营规模农户的耕地投入产出的解释框架,运用南疆四地州荒漠化外围的农户调查数据,通过非期望产出的超效率模型(Super-SBM)与Tobit模型分析农户耕地利用效率及影响因素。结果表明:(1)荒漠化地区农户在耕地投入产出上存在显著的经营规模差异。中等规模农户的非期望产出较低,更有利于荒漠化防治;农户耕地的综合技术效率偏低,纯技术效率值仅为规模效率值的43.36%。(2)农户耕地纯技术效率值与规模效率值的概率函数曲线随着耕地面积增加呈现先增后降的趋势,纯技术效率值(1.1 hm^(2))比规模效率值更快达到峰值(4.4 hm^(2))。(3)中、大规模农户的影响因素多,中等规模农户受到耕种投入、劳动力年龄、是否雇工、民族等变量影响,大规模农户还受耕地保护偏好的影响。荒漠化防治政策需要激励外围农户耕种方式向集约化转型,注重适度规模化经营,及时评估耕地流转制度及经营方式变革对荒漠化防治的影响,大力推进数字农业技术,减少农业面源污染及地下水超采,加强劳动力的语言与技能的培训,推动荒漠外围的耕地绿色发展。

This paper constructs an interpretive framework for the input-output of cultivated land among farmers with different scales of operation,utilizing survey data from farmers in the peripheral areas of desertification in four prefectures of Southern Xinjiang.By employing the Super-SBM model for unexpected outputs and the Tobit model,the study analyzes the efficiency of cultivated land use and its influencing factors among farmers.The results indicate that:(1) There is a significant difference in the input-output of cultivated land among farmers in desertification areas based on their operation scale,with medium-scale farmers having relatively lower unexpected outputs,which is more conducive to desertification prevention and control;the comprehensive technical efficiency value of farmers' cultivated land is relatively low,with the pure technical efficiency value being only 43.36% of the scale efficiency value.(2) The probability function curves of the pure technical efficiency value and scale efficiency value for farmers' cultivated land show an increasing and then decreasing trend with the expansion of cultivated land area,with the pure technical efficiency value(1.1 hm^(2)) reaching its peak faster than the scale efficiency value(4.4 hm^(2)).(3) Medium and large-scale farmers are affected by the most factors,with medium-scale farmers being influenced by variables such as input in cultivation,age of labor force,employment status,ethnicity,etc.,while large-scale farmers are also affected by their preference for cultivated land protection.Policies for desertification prevention and control need to incentivize peripheral farmers to transition towards intensive farming practices,focus on moderate scale operations,timely assess the impact of cultivated land transfer systems and changes in management methods on desertification prevention and control,vigorously promote digital agricultural technologies,reduce agricultural non-point source pollution and over-extraction of groundwater,strengthen training in language and skills for the labor force,and promote the green development of cultivated land in the peripheral areas of desertification.