古尔班通古特沙漠短命植物对鼠类扰动的响应

Ecological response of short-lived plants in the Gurbantunggut Desert to rodent disturbances

短命植物是维持古尔班通古特沙漠-绿洲交错带稳定性的重要植被,鼠类扰动在多方面影响短命植物的生长。以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘短命植物为研究对象,在该区域有、无鼠类扰动的情况下,对短命植物生长状况、多样性以及土壤理化性质进行了分析。结果表明:(1)鼠类扰动改变了短命植物的性状,扰动区的短命植物密度显著高于对照区,株高显著低于对照区。(2)鼠类扰动增加了短命植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数。(3)鼠类扰动使土壤全磷、全氮、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和总盐含量存在极显著差异。(4)对照区短命植物多样性与土壤理化因子有显著的相关性,扰动区两者之间的相关性不显著。土壤理化因子可以很好地解释短命植物多样性的变化,在对照区和扰动区对短命植物多样性的累计解释率分别为97.99%和86.84%。古尔班通古特沙漠适度的鼠类扰动在局域生境中会显著改变土壤理化特性,从而显著提高短命植物的多样性,对提高荒漠干旱性区域的生态稳定性具有重要意义。

Short-lived plants are an important part of vegetation to maintain the stability of Gurbantunggut Desert-Oasis Intertwined Zone,and rodent disturbance affects the growth of short-lived plants in many ways.It is of great significance to study the effects of rodent disturbance on short-lived plants for maintaining ecosystem stability in arid areas.In this study,short-lived plants in the southern margin of Gurbantungut Desert were studied.The growth status,diversity and soil physicochemical properties of short-lived plants were analyzed with or without rodent disturbance in the region.The results showed that:(1)The rodent disturbance changed the traits of short-lived plants,and the density of short-lived plants in the disturbed area was significantly higher than that in the control area,and the plant height was significantly lower than that in the control area.(2)Rodent disturbance increased Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef abundance index of short-lived plants.(3)The contents of total phosphorus,total nitrogen,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and total salt in soil were significantly different due to rodent disturbance.(4)There was a significant correlation between shortlived plant diversity and soil physicochemical factors in the control area,but no significant correlation between them in the disturbance area.Soil physicochemical factors could explain the variation of short-lived plant diversity well,and the cumulative explanation rates of short-lived plant diversity in control and disturbed areas were 97.99%and 86.84%,respectively.Moderate rodent disturbance in Gurbantunggut Desert can significantly change the physical and chemical properties of soil in local habitats,thus significantly increasing the diversity of short-lived plants,which is of great significance for improving the ecological stability of desert arid regions.