盐酸、硫酸与碳酸钙反应的实验研究与理论分析

Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis for the Reaction of Hydrochloric Acid or Sulfuric Acid with Calcium Carbonate

利用pH传感器,选择较低浓度的酸,监测比较碳酸钙与不同酸反应的pH及其变化趋势,从宏观、微观、符号、曲线等4个角度分析反应特征和教学演示。通过理论计算分析证实:在一定条件下,无论是碳酸钙还是大理石,硫酸都会阻碍反应,并在一段时间后表现出来;但当初始溶液酸性低于一定值时,硫酸对反应没有阻碍作用。同时,即使阻碍作用存在,硫酸参与的反应,仍可在快速反应阶段释放相当数量的二氧化碳气体,因此,可以将其用于实验室制备少量二氧化碳气体。

This article selects lower concentrations of acids to compare the pH and its changing trends of calcium carbonate reacting with different acids,and analyze the reaction characteristics and teaching demonstrations from four perspectives:macro,micro,symbol,and curve by using the pH sensor.Through theoretical calculation and analysis,it has been confirmed that under certain conditions,whether it is calcium carbonate or marble,sulfuric acid will hinder the reaction and manifest after a period of time;However,when the acidity is below a certain level,sulfuric acid has no hindering effect on the reaction.Meanwhile,it will generate a considerable amount of carbon dioxide gas in the rapid reaction phase under the conditions of hindrance,which means it can be used in the laboratory to prepare a small amount of carbon dioxide gas.