“改头换面”:中国共产党报刊改名现象的历史透视(1919—1949)

"Identity Reconfiguration":A Historical Perspective on the Renaming of Chinese Communist Party Newspapers and Periodicals(1919-1949)

在党报党刊的发展史上,频繁地改名是一个显著的特征。研究发现,从1919年到1949年三十年间,改名的党报党刊数量约占所有党报党刊的四分之一。不同时空场域下党报党刊的改名呈现不同的特点:苏区时期是党报党刊名称从“刊”改为“报”的关键时期,土地革命和抗战时期报刊改名呈现出“革命化”和“军事化”色彩,国统区党报党刊的改名则显得更为“隐蔽化”和“戏剧化”。党报党刊的改名既源于中国共产党因应政治社会语境作出的主动调整,也出于时代环境变化而作出的“被动式”应对,如将政治性的报刊改名伪装成娱乐小报,以及各种“洋旗报”的出现,就体现了对政治高压环境的一种隐秘抗争和政治调适。在不同革命时期,将报刊适时更名,充分体现了党对政治和新闻宣传政策的不断调整。改名在党报党刊发展历程中具有深远价值,彰显了党的新闻宣传工作的时代性和灵活性。党报党刊的改名史就是一部党的奋斗史和宣传史。

In the history of Chinese Communist Party Newspapers and Periodicals(CCPNPs),frequent name changes have been a notable feature.Research shows that from 1919 to 1949,about a quarter of all CCPNPs underwent name changes.These name changes exhibited different characteristics in various historical and geographical contexts:during the Soviet-controlled regions,the transition from"journal"to"newspaper"marked a key phase in the evolution of Chinese Communist Party publications;during the Land Revolution and the War of Resistance against Japan,the CCPNPs took on a more"revolutionary"and"militarized"tone;the renaming of party newspapers and periodicals in the Kuomintang-controlled areas appeared to be more"concealed"and"dramatic".The renaming of party newspapers and periodicals stemmed not only from the proactive adjustments made by the Chinese Communist Party in response to the political and social context,but also from the"passive"responses to the changing times.For instance,renaming politically charged publications to disguise them as entertainment tabloids,as well as the emergence of various"foreign-flag newspapers",exemplified a subtle resistance and political adaptation to the politically oppressive environment.The timely renaming of newspapers and periodicals during different revolutionary periods fully demonstrated the Chinese Communist Party's continuous adjustments to political and press propaganda policies.The renaming process holds profound significance in the development of the CCPNPs,highlighting the timeliness and flexibility of the Chinese Communist Party's press and propaganda work.