2015—2023年山东省青州市人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis from 2015 to 2023 in Qingzhou City of Shandong Province

目的分析山东省青州市人间布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)病例的流行特征,为完善防控措施提供科学依据。方法通过收集2015—2023年医疗机构在《全民健康保障疾控信息系统》中报告的布病病例及现场流行病学资料,采用描述性流行病学方法对数据进行分析。结果青州市2015—2023年共报告布病596例,年均发病率为6.86/10万。发病高峰在春夏季,集中在4—6月,占发病总数37.58%(224/596)。全市13个乡镇(街道)均有病例报告,发病较多的地区有云门山街道、黄楼街道、谭坊镇和邵庄镇,累计占报告发病数的55.03%(328/596)。发病人群男女性别比为2.57∶1;发病年龄主要集中在>40~70岁,占发病总数的70.47%(420/596);职业分布以农民为主,占发病总数的88.59%(528/596)。发病至诊断时间间隔中位数为29 d,且总体呈现缩短趋势。结论青州市2015—2023年布病发病率处于较高水平,发病高峰在春夏季,发病范围较广,以中老年男性居多,加强监测、完善防控措施及强化宣传教育将是今后的工作重点。

Objective This paper aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis from 2015 to 2023 in Qingzhou City,Shandong Province,providing a scientific basis for improving prevention and control measures.Methods Data on brucellosis cases in Qingzhou City from January 1st,2015 to December 31th,2023 which reported by medical institutions were sourced from the National Health Security and Disease Control and Prevention Information System and on-site epidemiological survey data,and the descriptive epidemiological methods were carried out in analyzing the incidence of brucellosis.Results A total of 596 brucellosis cases were documented and the annual incidence was reported to be 6.86/10~5.The peak incidence occurs in spring and summer,which mainly concentrated from April to June,accounting for 37.58%(224/596)of the total cases.All 13 towns and subdistricts reported cases,with the top four high-incidence areas were Yunmenshan Subdistrict,Huanglou Subdistricts,Tanfang Town and Shaozhuang Town,accounting for 55.03%(328/596)of the total cases.The radio of male to female patients was 2.57∶1;the mainly affected individuals were aged>40-70,accounting for 70.47%(420/596);the affected occupations were mainly farmers,accounting for 88.59%(528/596).The median time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 29 d,presenting a trend of shortening.Conclusion The incidence of brucellosis in Qingzhou City from 2015 to 2023 remained at a relatively high level,with a peak in spring and summer,predominantly affecting middle-aged and elderly men in a broad range of areas.It is highly essential to strengthen monitoring and improve the prevention and control measures as well as enhance publicity and education in the following work.