固有免疫细胞在结核分枝杆菌感染中的作用

Roles of innate immune cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

固有免疫细胞是病原体入侵机体的第一道防线,对病原体的入侵起到重要的预警、监视、防御、歼灭等功能,同时也是连接适应性免疫应答的重要桥梁。当结核分枝杆菌入侵机体后,固有免疫细胞对其进行“识别”进而激活,分泌一些细胞因子和炎症因子等引起的免疫应答,为后续的适应性免疫应答提供适宜的微环境。现从中性粒细胞、树突状细胞和先天淋巴细胞等固有免疫细胞对结核分枝杆菌不同的免疫应答途径,以及参与对结核分枝杆菌感染的应答机制作一概述。为宿主导向治疗提供治疗靶点和新型药物的研发提供理论支撑。

Innate immune cells represent the first line of defense against pathogens invading the body,playing vital roles in early warning,surveillance,defense,and elimination of these threats.They also act as a crucial link to the adaptive immune response.When Mycobacterium tuberculosis enters the body,innate immune cells respond immediately,recognizing the pathogen and activating themselves.They release various cytokines and inflammatory factors,initiating an immune response that establishes a suitable microenvironment for the subsequent adaptive immune response.This overview will explore the different immune response pathways of innate immune cells(including neutrophils,dendritic cells,and innate lymphoid cells),and the mechanisms involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.This provides theoretical support for host-directed therapies and the development of new therapeutic targets and drugs.