美国研究型大学本科教育变革的挑战、策略与启示

Challenges,Strategies,and Insights of Undergraduate Education Reform in American Research Universities

在延续博耶报告对卓越教学的不懈追求下,美国研究型大学本科联合会发布了《美国研究型大学2030本科教育蓝图》报告,强调公平是实现卓越的必要前提,目标在于让卓越的教学惠及所有学生。美国研究型大学面临重振通识教育、促进高等教育公平、实现高质量本科教学、优化培养路径机制以及高等教育评估问责等多重挑战。为此,报告提出了面向未来准备、维护底线公平、塑造卓越教学、优化培养路径、实施治理变革等方面的改革策略。鉴于公平与卓越是高质量发展的应有之义,我国研究型大学需要在本科教育实践中增加本科教学权重、重视主动学习体验、提供全景教育咨询、激发治理变革动能,进而构建面向一流的本科拔尖创新人才培养体系。

Building on the relentless pursuit of excellence in teaching highlighted by the Boyer Report,the Association of American Research Universities has released the"American Research Universities 2030 Undergraduate Education Blueprint."This blueprint emphasizes that equity is a necessary precondition for achieving excellence,with the goal of making exceptional teaching accessible to all students.Research universities face multiple challenges,including revitalizing general education,promoting equity in higher education,achieving high-quality undergraduate teaching,optimizing training pathways,and addressing accountability in higher education.In response,the report proposes reform strategies focusing on future readiness,maintaining baseline equity,shaping exceptional teaching,optimizing training pathways,and implementing governance reforms.Given that equity and excellence are essential to high-quality development,research universities in China need to enhance the focus on undergraduate teaching,prioritize active learning experiences,provide comprehensive educational consulting,and stimulate governance reform momentum,thereby constructing a model for cultivating top-notch innovative talents at the undergraduate level.