晚清民初的上海会馆戏曲活动

Chinese Operas in Shanghai Guild Halls in the Late Qing and Early Republican Period

晚清民初的上海会馆,是商业经济发展的直接产物。会馆的戏曲活动,标志着商业与戏曲的联系。现有资料可查的上海会馆公所近400家,较具规模的前后也达100家,如南市商船会馆、绍兴浙绍公所、福建三山会馆等。上海的工商会馆,一般均建有固定的戏台,成为同乡商人住宿、议事、祭祀、宴乐,尤其是同乡联谊或商业酬神的娱乐活动设施。除了应有的酬神演剧功能外,平时会馆戏台已经成为应酬演剧的商业性场所。所以,会馆戏台成为商贾与戏曲发生关联的最基本纽带。上海会馆的戏曲活动,在上海近现代戏曲的衍变发展历程中,具有一定的价值作用。

The Shanghai guild halls in Late Qing and Early Republican Period were a product of the commercial economy.The Chinese opera performances there symbolized the connection between business and opera.According to historical records,there were nearly 400 guild halls in Shanghai,with over a hundred of notable size,such as the Southern Shanghai Merchant Shipping Guild Hall,the Zhejiang-Shaoxing Guild Hall,and the Fujian Three Mountains Guild Hall.Most of these commercial guild halls served for lodging,meetings,worship,and banquets,with their theater stages providing entertainment for gatherings and rituals.These stages were not only dedicated to performances for gods but also became venues for commercial shows,forming a link between merchants and Chinese opera.The opera performances in Shanghai guild halls played an important role in the history of Shanghai's modern Chinese opera development.