马鞍山市城区中小学生近视状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of myopia detection rate and influencing factors among primary and middle school students in urban areas of Ma′anshan City

目的 调查马鞍山市2023年城区中小学生近视现况,分析影响近视的可能因素,为制定中小学生近视防控政策提供科学依据。方法 采取横断面调查方式,按照分层整群抽样的方式,抽取9所城区中小学学生,共2 519人进行学生视力检测,并开展近视状况问卷调查,分析近视影响因素。结果 小学四年级到高三年级平均筛查性近视率为67.2%,其中男生筛查性近视率为64.8%,女生筛查性近视率为69.7%,近视率与睡眠时间、连续学习时间、学习时使用护眼灯、户外活动、挑食和学习姿势等有关,多因素二元logistic回归分析显示,男性(OR=0.780,95%CI:0.650-0.936)、睡眠时间长(OR=0.785,95%CI:0.618-0.997)是学生近视发生的保护因素,初中(OR=2.044,95%CI:1.612-2.592)和高中学段(OR=3.661,95%CI:2.669-5.022)、学习时眼到书本的距离短(OR=1.392,95%CI:1.109-1.748)、父亲或母亲近视(OR=1.999,95%CI:1.437-2.780)、父母均近视(OR=2.084,95%CI:1.358-3.197)是近视的危险因素。结论 马鞍山市中小学生近视率较高,近视的发生受多种因素影响,应采取积极有效的综合防控措施开展中小学生近视防控,遏制学生近视的发生。

Objective To investigate the current myopia status among primary and secondary school students in urban areas of Ma′anshan City in 2023,analyze the possible factors affecting myopia,and provide scientific evidences for the formulation of myopia prevention policies among primary and secondary school students.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a stratified cluster sampling method to select a total of 2 519 students from nine urban primary and secondary schools.Visual acuity testing and a questionnaire survey on myopia status were conducted,and factors influencing myopia were analyzed.Results The average rate of screening myopia from the fourth grade of primary school to the third grade of senior high school was 67.2%,64.8% for boys and 69.7% for girls.Rate of screening myopia was associated with sleep time,continuous study time,use of eyes protection lamp during study,outdoor activities,picky eating,and studying posture,etc.Multifactorial binary logistic regression analysis indicated that male(OR= 0.780,95%CI:0.650-0.936),longer sleep duration(OR= 0.785,95%CI:0.618-0.997) were protective factors for myopia in students.Middle school(OR= 2.044,95%CI:1.612-2.592) and high school students(OR= 3.661,95%CI:2.669-5.022),short distance between eyes and book during studying(OR= 1.392,95%CI:1.109-1.748),father or mother with myopia(OR= 1.999,95%CI:1.437-2.780),both parents with myopia(OR= 2.084,95%CI:1.358-3.197) were risk factors for myopia.Conclusion The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students is relatively high in Ma′anshan City,the occurrence of myopia is affected by a variety of factors.Active and effective comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to control myopia among primary and secondary school students.