南昌市2020年中小学在校学生营养状况监测结果分析

Analysis of the nutritional status monitoring results of primary and secondary school students in Nanchang City in 2020

目的 分析南昌市中小学在校学生营养基本状况,提出改善建议。方法 2020年在南昌市8个县(区)分层随机整群抽取中小学生3 417人开展营养状况监测,SPSS 21.0软件进行统计分析。结果 南昌市2020年监测中小学在校学生3 417人,超重肥胖率为23.2%,缺乏型营养不良率为7.1%,中心型肥胖率为25.8%,男生超重肥胖率和缺乏型营养不良率均高于女生(χ^(2)=35.582,P<0.001;χ^(2)=16.155,P<0.001)。学生年龄越大,缺乏型营养不良率越高(χ_(趋势)^(2)=11.926,P<0.001),超重肥胖率(χ_(趋势)^(2)=35.524,P<0.001)和中心型肥胖率呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=11.203,P<0.001)。小学生超重肥胖率最高,为27.3%,初中生中心型肥胖率最高,为31.1%。结论 南昌市中小学在校学生营养不足与营养过剩现象并存,建议相关部门采取措施,倡导健康生活方式,改善学生营养健康状况。

Objective To analyze the fundamental nutritional health status of primary and secondary school students in Nan-chang City,and to propose suggestions for improvement.Methods In 2020,a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 417 primary and secondary school students from 8 counties and districts in Nanchang City for nutritional health status monitoring.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results In 2020,3 417 primary and second-ary school students were monitored in Nanchang City,with an overweight and obesity rate of 23.2%,a deficiency-type mal-nutrition rate of 7.1%,and a central obesity rate of 25.8%.The rate of overweight and obesity,as well as deficiency malnu-trition rate in boys were higher than those in girls (χ^(2)=35.582,P<0.001;χ^(2)=16.155,P<0.001).As students aged,un-dernutrition rates increased (χ_(trend)^(2)=11.926,P<0.001),while the rate of overweight and obesity (χ_(trend)^(2)=35.524,P<0.001) and central obesity decreased (χ_(trend)^(2)=11.203,P<0.001).The highest rate of overweight and obesity was found a-mong primary school students at 27.3%,and the highest rate of central obesity was noted among junior high school students at 31.1%.Conclusion There is a coexistence of undernutrition and over-nutrition among primary and secondary school students in Nanchang City.Relevant departments are recommended to take measures to promote healthy lifestyles and im-prove the nutritional health status of students.