周口市2019—2021年中小学生筛查性近视检出结果分析

Analysis of myopia results of primary and secondary school students in Zhoukou City from 2019 to 2021

目的 了解周口市中小学生筛查性近视检出情况,为制定近视防控措施提供依据。方法 按照多阶段分层整群随机抽样原则在周口市中小学抽取监测对象,进行远视力检查和屈光检测。结果 2019—2021年共调查中小学生16539人,筛查性近视检出率为52.39%。女生筛查性近视检出率(57.46%)高于男生(47.00%)(χ^(2)=181.228,P<0.001)。2019—2021年中小学生筛查性近视检出率分别为49.87%、54.68%和52.47%(χ^(2)=20.787,P<0.001)。城区学生筛查性近视检出率(56.25%)与郊县学生(48.86%)相比,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.390,P=0.532)。中小学生筛查性近视检出率在不同年级间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4729.900,P<0.001),且随着年级的升高呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=3874.431,P<0.001),其中增幅最大的是小学四年级(63.54%);小学、初中和高中学生筛查性近视检出率分别为28.18%、73.79%和80.97%,筛查性近视检出率随学段升高而总体呈上升趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=3569.766,P<0.001),其中低度近视占比随学段升高下降,中度、高度近视占比随学段升高上升。结论 周口市中小学生筛查性近视检出率较高,应采取针对性的近视防控干预措施改善中小学生的近视状况。

Objective To understand the prevalence of screening myopia among primary and secondary school students in Zhoukou City,and to provide evidence for the formulation of prevention and control measures.Methods The subjects were selected from primary and secondary schools in Zhoukou City according to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster ran-dom sampling,distant vision and refractive examination were performed.Results The prevalence of screening myopia was52.39%in 16 539 primary and secondary school students from 2019 to 2021.The prevalence of screening myopia in female students (57.46%) was higher than that in male students (47.00%)(χ^(2)=181.228,P<0.001).The screening myopia rate of primary and secondary school students from 2019 to 2021 were 49.87%,54.68%and 52.47%,respectively (χ^(2)=20.787,P<0.001).There was no significant difference(χ^(2)=0.390,P=0.532) in the prevalence of screening myopia be-tween urban students (56.25%) and suburban students (48.86%).There was a significant difference in the prevalence of screening myopia among different grades (χ^(2)=4 729.900,P<0.001),and the prevalence increased with the grade (χ_(trend)^(2)=3874.431,P<0.001),and the largest increase was found in grade 4(63.54%).The prevalence of screening myopia was28.18%in primary school,73.79%in junior high school and 80.97%in senior high school.The detection rate of screening myopia increased with the increase of school stage(χ_(trend)^(2)=3 569.766,P<0.001).The proportion of low myopia decreased with the increase of the school stage,and the proportion of moderate myopia and high myopia increased with the increase of the school stage.Conclusion The prevalence of screening myopia among primary and secondary school students in Zhouk-ou City is high.Targeted prevention and control measures should be taken to improve the myopia situation of primary and secondary school students.