酶联免疫法和核酸法在近三年无偿献血者乙肝和丙肝检出率比较

Comparison of hepatitis B and hepatitis C detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay and nucleic acid assay in unpaid blood donors in recent three years

目的探讨不同检测方法和采血方式在近三年献血者乙肝和丙肝检测中不合格率的差异和原因。方法回顾性分析2021年-2023年我中心无偿献血人群血液检测资料,对近三年献血者乙肝和丙肝不合格人数检测结果进行分析,比较酶联免疫法和核酸法检出乙肝和丙肝不合格率,并比较全血和机采方式检出乙肝和丙肝的不合格率。结果2021年-2023年乙肝不合格数分别为1142例(0.70%)、677例(0.42%)和474例(0.31%),丙肝不合格数分别为188例(0.11%)、137例(0.09%)和189例(0.12%)。酶联免疫法检出乙肝不合格率明显高于核酸法(P<0.001)。全血方式检出乙肝不合格率明显高于机采方式(P<0.001)。酶联免疫法检出丙肝不合格率明显高于核酸法(P<0.001)。全血方式检出丙肝不合格率明显高于机采方式(P<0.001)。结论献血者乙肝病毒检出率较高,丙肝检出率相对较低,酶联免疫法对乙肝、丙肝不合格检出率高于核酸法,应做好献血人群的检测工作,最大程度保障临床用血安全。

Objective To explore the reasons for the unqualified rate of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in blood donors in recent three years by different detection methods and blood sampling methods.Methods The blood test data of unpaid blood donors in our center from 2021 to 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The results of the detection of the number of unqualified blood donors with hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the past three years were analyzed.The unqualified rates of hepatitis B and hepatitis C detected by ELISA and nucleic acid methods were compared,and the unqualified rates of hepatitis B and hepatitis C detected by whole blood and machine collection methods were compared.Results The number of unqualified cases of hepatitis B from 2021 to 2023 was 1142(0.70%),677(0.42%)and 474(0.31%),and the number of unqualified cases of hepatitis C was 188(0.11%),137(0.09%)and 189(0.12%),respectively.The unqualified rate of HBV detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay was significantly higher than that by nucleic acid assay(P<0.001).The unqualified rate of hepatitis B detected by whole blood was significantly higher than that by machine sampling(P<0.001).The failure rate of hepatitis C detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay was significantly higher than that by nucleic acid assay(P<0.001).The unqualified rate of hepatitis C detected by whole blood method was significantly higher than that by machine method(P<0.001).Conclusion The detection rate of hepatitis B virus in blood donors is high,while that of hepatitis C virus is relatively low.The detection rate of unqualified hepatitis B and hepatitis C by ELISA is higher than that by nucleic acid method.The detection of blood donors should be done well to ensure the safety of clinical blood use to the greatest extent.