小檗皮总生物碱的提取纯化、含量测定和急性毒性实验研究

Extraction,purification,content determination and acute toxicity of total alkaloids from Berberis dictyophylla Cortex

目的:对小檗皮总生物碱进行提取纯化和含量测定,并探讨其对小鼠的急性毒性反应。方法:采用加热回流和大孔吸附树脂提取纯化小檗皮药材中的总生物碱部位。以盐酸小檗碱为对照品,采用酸性染料比色法对提取物中的总生物碱含量进行测定。采用单次给药小檗皮总生物碱提取物,观察小鼠的活动、体质量、死亡等情况;采用加权回归法计算半数致死量(median lethal dose,LD50)及95%置信区间。结果:小檗皮提取物中总生物碱的平均含量为56.84%,其对小鼠的LD50为2.34 g·kg^(-1)(95%置信区间为2.072~2.637 g·kg^(-1)),为临床用量的272.6倍;最大非致死剂量为1.32 g·kg^(-1),为临床用量的153.8倍。结论:小檗皮总生物碱提取物在临床剂量范围内使用安全可靠,为其开发利用提供了科学依据。

Objective:To extract and purify total alkaloids from Berberis dictyophylla Cortex and determine their contents,and to study their acute toxicity in mice.Methods:Total alkaloids were extracted and purified from Berberis dictyophylla Cortex by heating reflux and macroporous adsorption resin.The content of total alkaloids in extracts was determined by acid dye colorimetry with berberine hydrochloride as the control substance.The activity,body weight and death of the mice were observed by single administration of total alkaloid extract of Berberis dictyophylla Cortex.The median lethal dose(LD50)and 95%confidence interval were calculated by weighted regression method.Results:The average content of total alkaloids in Berberis dictyophylla Cortex extract was 56.84%,and its LD50 for mice was 2.34 g·kg^(-1)(95%confidence interval was 2.072-2.637 g·kg^(-1)),which was 272.6 times of the clinical dosage.The maximum non-lethal dose was 1.32 g·kg^(-1),which was 153.8 times the clinical dosage.Conclusion:The total alkaloid extract of Berberis dictyophylla Cortex is safe and reliable in clinical dosage range,which provides scientific basis for its development and utilization.